Magnetism

Magnets and Magnetic

Fields
 Magnetism
Force of attraction or repulsion cause by the
movement of charged participles
It is no charge
It is caused by the movement of charge
Magnetic Poles A region on a
magnet which produces magnetic
forces
The poles of a suspended magnet
will align themselves to the poles of
the Earth
Fundamental Rule Like poles repel;
opposite poles attract
• Magnetic poles behave similarly to
electric charges EXCEPT:
Electric charges
can be isolated
Magnetic poles
cannot
Magnetic Field The space around a
magnet in which a magnetic force is
exerted
The shape of a magnetic field is revealed
b magnetic field lines
Directed away from north poles and
toward south poles
The strength of magnetic fields are
measured in units o Tesl (T)
Magnetic fields are caused by the motion
of electric charges
Since motion is relative, so are magnetic
fields
Magnets at rest consist of charges in
motion
Every spinning electron is a tiny magnet
Electrons spinning in the same direction
produce a stronger magnet
Magnetic Domain Clusters of aligned
atoms
If the magnetic domains of a material
can align, this material is called
ferromagnet
Permanent magnets are made by
placing materials in strong magnetic
fields
Aligns the domains
It is possible to weaken a magnet
by dropping or heating it
Pushes the domains out of
alignment
Currents in the molten part of Earth
beneath the crust create the Earth’s
magnetic field
Moving charges loop within the Earth
Earth’s magnetic field is not stable
Magnetic pole and geographic pole are
offset
Magnetic poles are located:
Nort : Hudson Bay region of northern
Canada (1800 km from geographic
pole)
South Just south of Australia
Magnetic Declinatio : Difference
between geographic and magnetic
poles
 I. Magnets
A. Magnets have two poles (ends)
1. North pole
2. South pole
A magnet will attempt to line itself up with
the magnetic field of the Earth
 I. Magnets
B. Technological applications of magnetism
1. Large electromagnets used to pick up heavy loads
2. Magnets used in meters, motors, loudspeakers
3. Magnetic tapes used in audio and video recording,
and computer disks
4. Regulation of controlled nuclear fusion research
5. Maglev trains
 I. Magnets
C. Magnetic forces exist between magnets
1. Like poles repel (sout south, or nort -
north)
2. Opposite poles attract (sout north)
 I. Magnets
D. Magnetic poles always occur in pairs
1. Magnetic poles can never be isolated
2. If you break a magnet, each piece will
have a north and a south pole
 I. Magnets
E. Permanent magnets
1. Unmagnetized iron can be magnetized by
placing it near a strong permanent
magnet or stroking it with a magnet

2. Process is reversible with heat

or hammering
I. Magnets
I. Magnets
 I. Magnets
3. Magnetic material is classified by how it
retains its magnetism
a. Sof easy magnetized, but easily lose
the magnetism
b. Har not easily magnetized, but once
magnetized retain magnetism
II. Magnetic fields
 II. Magnetic fields
A region in which a magnetic force can be
detected
A. Direction of a magnetic field is the direction
in which the north pole of a compass needle
points at that location (Figure 22, page
767)
Magnitude of the field is higher closer to
the pole
II. Magnetic fields
 II. Magnetic fields
B. To indicate
1. In the plane of the page: RIGHT ARROW
2. Into the page: X
3. Out of the page: •
 II. Magnetic fields
C. Nort seeking vs. South seeking
1. Bar magnets will seek or point to the
Geographic north or south pole.
2. Geographic north = magnetic south
3. Geographic south = magnetic north
II. Magnetic fields
 II. Magnetic fields
D. True North vs. Magnetic North
Magnetic declination - difference
between compass pointing at magnetic
north and true / geographic north
 II. Magnetic fields
E. Earth’s field is like a bar magnet buried in
the Earth
Convection current in Earth’s liquid iron
outer core are the source of the field
Related to planet rotation.