IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST

BENEFICENT, THE MOST MERCIFUL.

 Hydrology
&
Water
Management

CE-414

Department of Civil Engineering, U.E.T Peshawar

(Bannu Campus)
Hydrology & Water Management

Lecture # 1
OVERVIEW Lecture # 1

 Student Teacher Introduction

 Schedule
 Course Outline
 Reference Materials
 Grading
 Learning Objectives
 Introduction to Hydrology

Department of Civil Engineering, UET, Peshawar

( Bannu Campus) 4
 REFERENCE MATERIALS Lecture # 1

Text Book:
 Warren Viessman, Jr. and Gary L. Lewis, “Introduction to
Hydrology”, 4th Edition
 K. Linsley, Max A. Kohler, and Joseph L. Paulhus, Hydrology for
Engineers by (Latest edition)
Reference Book:
 Linsley, R. K., J. Franzini, Water Resources Engineering,
McGraw Hill.
 David, A. Chin, Water Resources Engineering, John Wiley &
Sons.
Department of Civil Engineering, UET, 5
Peshawar(Bannu Campus)
CE-414 COURSE OUTLINE Lecture # 1

Hard Copy Will Be Provided

Department of Civil Engineering, UET, 6

Peshawar(Bannu Campus)
GRADING Lecture # 1

 25% Sessional Marks

 Quizzes = 15%
 Class Performance = 5%
 Assignments = 5%
Late homework will not be accepted or graded
 25% Mid-Term Exam
 50% Final Exam

Department of Civil Engineering, UET, 7

Peshawar(Bannu Campus)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Lecture # 1

 Introduction to Hydrologic cycle, Systems Concept

and Hydrologic System Model.

 Recognize, analyze, and solve the problems

associated with hydrology and water management .

 Apply the theoretical knowledge of Hydrology to

real world problems and projects.

 Benefit from the instructor's practical experience

(real-world perspective).

Department of Civil Engineering, UET, 8

Peshawar(Bannu Campus)
Hydrology & Water Management

Lecture # 2

9
Chapter # 1

Introduction to Hydrology
 HYDROLOGY Lecture # 2

Hydrology is the science of water.

It is the branch of science which deals with the

study of water of the earth.

It is the study of the occurrence, circulation, and

distribution of water within and between the
physical and biological components of the
environment.
11
Water Management/Engg Lecture # 2

Hydrology
It deals with planning, design and operation of
hydraulic projects for the control and use of
earth’s water. i.e
 Wastewater treatment and disposal
 Water supply and Irrigation
 Drainage
 Hydropower generation
 Flood control and Navigation
 Erosion and sediment control
 Salinity control
 Pollution abatement
 Recreation use of water
 Fish and wildlife protection 12
Practical Uses of Hydrology Lecture # 2

 Water Management

 Study & Control of flood

 Planning, Designing & operation of Hydraulic Structures

 Study of Catchment's area by considering physiological

and meteorological factors.

 To Develop some rational formulae based on Statistical

Data. i.e (Qp = CIA)

 To control flow through stream by drawing rating Curve 13

 Hydrologic Cycle
Lecture # 2

15 km Hydrosphere
Water on earth exists :
1 km Lithosphere in a space called Hydrosphere
(15 km up into the atmosphere)
Earth in the crust of the earth (1 km
down into the Lithosphere)

Water circulates in the hydrosphere through the

network of paths constituting the Hydrologic Cycle
14
 Hydrologic Cycle Lecture # 2

 The hydrologic cycle is the central focus of hydrology.

 The cycle has no beginning or end.

 It is a process that occur continuously.

15
 Phases of Hydrologic Cycle Lecture # 2

1.Evaporation & Transpiration

2.Transport

3.Condensation

4.Precipitation

5.Ground water or Base flow

6.Runoff or Stream flow

16
 Lecture # 2

Hydrologic Cycle
Hydrologic cycle

Atmospheric Subsystem

Surface Subsystem

Groundwater Subsystem
17
Hydrologic Cycle Lecture # 2

96.5% of all the earth’s water is in the oceans.

1.7% of all the earth’s water is in

the groundwater.

1.7% of all the earth’s water is in

the polar ices.

0.1% of all the earth’s water is in the surface and

atmospheric water system.

Estimated world
water quantities
18
 Hydrologic Cycle Lecture # 2

Hydrologic cycle with global annual average water balance.

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Average Water Balance in 1978 Flux 10Ʌ3 cubic km/year
 Hydrologic Cycle Lecture # 2

Hydrologic Budget /Water Budget/Water Balance

Definition

 It is an accounting of the inflow, outflow and storage of

water in a designated hydrologic system.

 A water budget reflects the relationship between input and

output of water through a hydrologic region

20
 Lecture # 2

Hydrologic Cycle
Water Balance

21
Average Water Balance in 2005
 Global Water Balance Lecture # 2

100%

61%
Global annual
water balance
39%

22
 Water Budget of Pakistan Lecture # 2

 Water Budget: It reflects the relationship between

input and output of water through a hydrologic region.

 Water Budget of Pakistan: Home Assignment

23
Basic Equation of Hydrologic Cycle
Lecture # 2

Input Process Output

(Rainfall) (Basin) (Runoff)

Simple Hydrologic System Model

Unsteady Flow Equation ; I-O=dS/dt

I = Input (volume/time)
O= Output (volume/time)
dS/dt = Time rate of change of storage
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Basic Equation of Hydrologic Cycle
Lecture # 2

P=Precipitation
P
Region A
E=Evaporation
Earth’s surface
T=Transpiration
R1
R=Surface Runoff
R2 G=Groundwater Flow
Es Ts Rg Eg Tg
Rg=Subsurface Flow
appearing on surface i.e
springs etc )
I I=Infiltration
G1

Sg G2
S=Storage

s=Land Surface
g=Groundwater
25
Level of plastic rock
Basic Equation of Hydrologic Cycle
Lecture # 2

Water Budget in Land Surface

(P+R1+Rg)-(R2+Es+Ts+I)=Ss (1)
Water Budget in Groundwater
(I+G1)-(G2+Rg+Eg+Tg)=Sg (2)
Adding equation , 1 & 2
P-(R2 - R1)-(Es+Eg)-(Ts+Tg)-(G2-G1)= Ss+Sg
R (Net Surface Flow)=R2 - R1
E (Net Evaporation) =Es + Eg P-R-E-T-G=S -- (3)
T (Net Transpiration) =Ts + Tg
G (Net Groundwater Flow)=G2 - G1
S= Ss + Sg
 This is fundamental equation of hydrology
 It is the base for all hydrologic modeling 26
 Lecture # 2

Basic Equation of Hydrologic Cycle

Assumptions
 In large river basins, net change in ground water is assumed to be
zero.
i.e G=0
 Over a large period of time the change in surface water storage is
assumed to be zero
i.e Loss of water in a season is balanced by gain in another season.
i.e S = 0
Putting G & S = 0 in eqn ---- (3)
0 0
We, get P - R - E - T - G = S ------------------ (3)
P - R - ( E+T ) = 0
By knowing the values of P & R , ET can be obtained roughly.
27
 Lecture # 2

Basic Equation of Hydrologic Cycle

Problem:

Given Data
Drainage Area = 11839 sq-km
Mean annual runoff = R = 144.4 cumecs
Average annual rainfall = P = 1.08 meter
Required
Evapotranspiration losses for the area ?

SOLVE NOW
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THE END