CE 3B4 INTRODUC TION LESSON 1

Hydrology

– is the study of water and its properties,

scientific laws, and distribution.
- Is the scientific study of the movement,
distribution, and quality of water on earth
and other planets, including water cycle,
water resources and environmental
watershed sustainability.
- Science of water

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Hydrologists

– study surface water and groundwater and

their interactions, which are part of the
water cycle.
– Working within the fields of earth
environmental science, physical geography,
geology or civil and environmental
engineering.

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Surface water – is freshwater we see above the

ground. It includes streams, lakes, ponds and
wetlands.

Groundwater – is freshwater that lies beneath the

earth’s surface. Most groundwater stored in aquifers.

Aquifers – are areas underground where rock and soil

are very porous.

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❖ Many features of streams and rivers undergo

constant change. Throughout a single day we
may observe changes in water level, salinity,
water flow speed, discharge, and sediment
load. These changes are caused by water input
into the river. Rain and melting snow increase
the amount of freshwater in rivers.

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HYDROLOGY SUBDIVIDES INTO:

• SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY

• GROUNDWATER
HYDROLOGY(HYDROGEOLOGY)
• MARINE HYDROLOGY

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DOMAINS OF HYDROLOGY

• HYDROMETEOROLOGY
• SURFACE HYDROLOGY
• HYDROGEOLOGY
• DRAINAGE-BASIN MANAGEMENT AND WATER
QUALITY

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BRANCHES:

1. CHEMICAL HYDROLOGY
- Is the study of the chemical
characteristics of water.
2. HYDROGEOLOGY
- Is the study of the presence and
movement of groundwater.

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3. HYDROINFORMATICS
- Is the adaptation of information
technology to hydrology and water
resources applications.
4. HYDROMETEOROLOGY
- Is the study of the transfer of water
and energy between land and
waterbody surfaces and the lower
atmosphere.

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5. ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY
- Is the study of the isotopic signatures
of water.
6. SURFACE HYDROLOGY
- Is the study of the hydrologic process
that operate at or near Earth’s
surface.

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7. DRAINAGE BASIN MANAGEMENT

- Covers water storage in the form of
reservoir and flood protection
8. WATER QUALITY
- Includes the chemistry of water in
rivers and lakes, both of pollutants
and natural solutes.

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APPLICATIONS:

1. Determining the water balance of a region.

2. Determining the agricultural water balance.
3. Designing riparian restoration projects.
4. Mitigating and predicting flood, landslide and
drought risk.
5. Real-time flood forecasting and flood warning.

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6. Designing irrigation schemes and managing

agricultural productivity.
7. Part of the hazard module catastrophe
modeling.
8. Providing drinking water.
9. Designing dams for water supply or
hydroelectric power generation.
10. Designing bridges.
11. Designing sewers and urban drainage.

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12. Analyzing the impacts of antecedent moisture

on sanitary sewer systems.
13. Predicting geomorphologic changes, such as
erosion or sedimentation.
14. Assessing the impacts of natural and
anthropogenic environmental change on water
resources.
15. Assessing contaminant transport risk and
establishing environmental guidelines.

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THEMES

The central theme of hydrology is that water circulates

throughout the Earth through different pathway and
at different rates.
• Evaporation of water from the ocean, which
form clouds;
• Clouds drifts over the land and produce rain;

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• Rainwater flows into lakes, rivers, or aquifers

then either evaporates;
• Water in lakes, rivers, and aquifers then either
evaporates back to atmosphere or eventually
flows back to the ocean, completing the cycle.

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(Tollner, Ernst W., 2016)

(June Blyth Orillana Royol, 2017)

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