BEARINGS

MCDES 2
ME – 505
MEMBERS
BONIFACIO,GLENAR
JOSE, ANGELI
OCAMPO BRYAN
RESULTAY, MIKE KELVIN
TOMALON, ANGELO G.
 Bearings are used to support rotating shafts and are classified according to the
direction of the main load
 Bearing is a machine element that have constrained relative motions and used to
reduces friction between moving parts of machine to obtain desired motion or we
can say that the machine elements which are support the rotating parts of a
machine and reduce friction are called bearings. For example to stop deviation in a
shaft of a machine while rotating, a bearing is used.
 To reduce friction between moving rotatory parts.
 To support rotating parts of a machine.
 To bear radial and thrust load.
1. Sliding Element
- the sliding takes place along the surface of
contact between the moving element and the
fixed element. This bearing is also known as
plain bearing. It means for carrying radial loads.
Such type of bearings are usually found in cross
head of the steam engines.
Advantages:
 They have good shock load capacity.
 They operate more silently.
 They occupy less radial space and are more compact.
 They are ideally suited for medium and high speed operation.

Disadvantages
 The frictional power loss is more.
 They required good attention to lubrication.
 They are normally designed to carry radial load or axial load. But it
cannot carry both at the same time.
 Journal bearing – in this the bearing pressure
is exerted at right angles to the axis of the axis
of the shaft. The portion of the shaft lying within
the bearing is known as journal. Shaft is
generally made of mild steel.
 Foot step or pivot bearing – in this bearing the
bearing pressure is exerted parallel to the
shaft whose axis is vertical. Note that in this
case the end of the shaft rests within the
bearing.
 Thrust bearing – It is also known as collar
bearing. In this bearing supporting pressure is
parallel to the axis of the shaft having end
thrust. Thrust bearing are used in bevel
mountings, propeller drives, turbines, etc. In
this bearing the shaft, unlike foot strep bearing
passes through and beyond the bearing.
2. Rolling Element
Roller Bearing
- These bearings are rarely used in the centrifugal pump
application. These bearings are mainly used where there is
high load and low rpm). Since it is a roller, the contact is line
contact, therefore it can take high load in comparison to ball
bearing which has a point contact. So as the pump capacity
increases the roller bearing will replace the ball bearings.

Ball Bearings
- These bearings are used at high rpm area, mainly in the
drive end of impeller fan in the centrifugal pump. The
bearings have the ability to take radial thrust load. These are
generally single row, but as load increases, the bearing row
increases to double row (rows of ball)angular contact ball
bearings as per application calculation which can take thrust
load on both the direction. More the contact angle of the ball,
the more it can take load.
Advantages
 Low starting and running friction except at very high speeds.
 Ability to withstand momentary shock loads.
 Accuracy of shaft alignment..
 Low cost of maintenance, as no lubrication is required while in
service.
 Reliability of service.

Disadvantages
 More noisy at very high speeds.
 Low resistance to shock loading.
 More initial cost.
 Design of bearing housing complicated.
 The most commonly used bearings are Deep-
Groove Ball Bearings. Thanks to their simple
design, they are easy to maintain and not as
sensitive to operating conditions thus are
used in a wide range of different applications.
In addition to radial forces, they absorb axial
forces in both directions. Their low torque
also makes them suitable for high speeds.
 Angular Contact Ball Bearings are characterized
by a contact angle. This means that forces are
transferred from one raceway to the other at a
particular angle. Angular-contact ball bearings
are therefore suitable for combined loads, where
high axial forces have to be transferred in
addition to radial forces.
 Self-Aligning Ball Bearings include a double
row of balls guided by a cage and double row
inner ring raceway but have the special
feature of a continuous spherical outer ring
raceway allowing the inner ring / ball
complement to swivel within the outer ring.
This is what enables a degree of self-
alignment in the application. This tpye of
bearing is recommended when alignment of
the shaft and the housing (misalignment) are
a problem and the shaft could deflect. Self-
aligning ball bearings are most suitable for
absorbing radial forces.
 Thrust Ball Bearings consist of two bearing
discs with raceways for the balls. Thrust
ball bearings were developed solely for
absorbing axial forces in one direction,
meaning they can locate the shaft axially
in one direction.
 Spherical Roller Bearings are very robust and
work on the same principle as Self-aligning
bearings with the exception that they use
spherical rollers instead of ball rollers allowing
higher loads to be supported. This can
compensate for misalignments between the
shaft and the housing. Spherical roller bearings
are suitable for absorbing high radial loads
and moderate axial loads.
 Cylindrical Roller Bearings use line contact
between the rolling elements and the
raceways, which optimizes the distribution of
stress factors at the point of contact. This
arrangement means that cylindrical roller
bearings have a very high radial load rating.
 Depending on the design, they may also be
able to transmit limited amounts of axial loads.
 Tapered Roller Bearings have tapered
raceways in the inner and outer rings with
conical rollers arranged between them. Due to
the contact angle, tapered roller bearings can
absorb high radial and axial forces in one
direction.
 Tapered roller bearings are often combined in
pairs to support axial forces in both directions.
 Needle Roller Bearings are a special type of
cylindrical roller bearing which contain long,
thin rolling elements, known as needle rollers.
The ratio of diameter to length is between 1:3
and 1:10. Needle roller bearings have a high
load rating and are only suitable for radial
forces.
 If space is constricted, needle bearings can be
a good solution.