SITE

PREPARATION
&
PRELIMINARY
WORKS
SYAMIMI LIYANA BT AMAT RAIS
Quantity Surveying Department
Faculty of Architechture, Planning & Surveying
UiTM Kampus Samarahan I, Sarawak
 “
WHAT IS SITE INVESTIGATION?

The examination of the site to

investigate the effects of its
features to the design and the
construction of the building
 PURPOSES OF SITE INVESTIGATION

3.
1. 2. CONSTRUCTION 4.
SUITABILITY DESIGN MATERIALS
PURPOSES OF SITE INVESTIGATION

1.

Suitability of the site

identification of site and surroundings suitable for the
proposed project

e.g topography of the land, surface features,

adjacent building
Topography of land

Adjacent building
PURPOSES OF SITE INVESTIGATION

2.

Produce the design

Obtain all the design parameters necessary for the works

Depends on the land size, the shape of land,

topography to determine the design of the proposed
building
PURPOSES OF SITE INVESTIGATION

2.
Produce the design (building shape)
The shape of a building determines how much it will cost

In general, the simpler the shape, the less it will cost

A B C
Round shape building

square shape building

PURPOSES OF SITE INVESTIGATION

3.

construction
Method of construction depends on the variable conditions

E.g type of soil and ground water level

PURPOSES OF SITE INVESTIGATION

4.

materials
The quantity and quality of any materials available on site

It will determine the final cost of the building

Reused material
(hardcore)
 FLOWCHART OF SITE INVESTIGATION
Decision to develop site and carry out site investigation

Geology, history & etc

A. Desk study
*to gain information
Topography
B. Reconnaissance

C. Ground investigation Soil profile

- preliminary investigation
- main investigation

Field test Samples Laboratory test

Geotechnical report

Design
 a
Desk . study
1. TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS 2. GEOLOGICAL MAPS AND MEMOIRS

provide overall picture of the area, probably the most important source of
planning layout of the plan and etc information as these given an excellent
indication of the sort of ground conditions
likely to be encountered
 a
Desk . study
3. ARIEL PHOTOGRAPHY 4. METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS

can give accurate maps can be value to monitor of rainfalls and

(photogrammetry) climate changes
 a
Desk . study
5. PREVIOUS S.I REPORT 7. LAND SURVEY

6. SERVICES RECORDS
- GET FROM LOCAL AUTHORITY
 B
.
SITE RECONNAISSANCE
Above ground survey of the existing condition of the site.

Starts with a through walk over the whole site, noting topographical
features such as:
Trees – providing guide to the type of soil
Slopes – show changes on the strata layer
Obstruction – wires, telegraph poles or existing building
Ponds, river etc – to identify the soil condition and water table
TRESS SLOPE
OBSTRUCTION RIVER
PRELIMINARY WORKS

1. SITE
PREPARATION

2. SITE
CLEARING
PRELIMINARY WORKS

1. SITE PREPARATION
a) access to the site
Access to the site is not a problem for
the site located near to the existing
streets and highways but may cause
problems and high cost if the site is
located at rural, isolated area or
offshore area.
BAKUN DAM BEFORE AND AFTER
PRELIMINARY WORKS

1. SITE PREPARATION
b) rerouting traffic
When constructing a new road works or
repairs of the existing road is made,
traffic must continue as usual.
The road works may reroute.
PRELIMINARY WORKS

1. SITE PREPARATION
c) temporary shelter
For example, Site Office should be
provided due the needs of contractors &
consultants (for site meeting & etc.)
PRELIMINARY WORKS

1. SITE PREPARATION
d) getting utilities
Building site near to the cities =
Electricity, water and telephone lines

Building site in remote places =

Generator to generate the electricity
pump water from wells, lakes or river
PRELIMINARY WORKS

1. SITE PREPARATION
e) making the site secure and safe
To avoid the construction access by
trespassers
The hoarding are built to closed off from the
outside.
PRELIMINARY WORKS

1. SITE PREPARATION
f) safety precaution
Any person entering the site must have a
permit and safety training that expose
them to work safely

Safety signage at site

PRELIMINARY WORKS

1. SITE PREPARATION
g) safety equipment
Safety helmet, safety boots and
appropriate attire
1) SAFETY HALMET / HARD HATS

- To protect the head from injury due to

falling objects, impact with objects and
electric shock.
2) CHAIN AND HARNESS

- Provide safety from falling

3) SAFETY BOOTS

- Protect the feet from cuts and

injury due to falling objects
4) SAFETY VEST

- Made of bright, neon colored

fabric designed for high visibility.
5) SAFETY GLOVES

- Protect the hands from wire

puntures, cuts and abrasions
6) SAFETY GLASSES & GOGGLES

- Protect eyes from particulates, corrosive

chemicals, wind blasts and radiation
PRELIMINARY WORKS

2. Site clearing
a) wrecking
Demolish of structure by using
machine or plant such as steel
wrecking ball, crane, etc
PRELIMINARY WORKS

2. Site clearing
a) breaking

Breaking structure into small pieces

and loaded into truck or trash
container
PRELIMINARY WORKS

2. Site clearing
b) blasting

Uses explosives

The most expensive method but the

fastest way
PRELIMINARY WORKS

2. Site clearing
c) salvage

Some salvage material are used in

other structure, sold as scrap or
melted down to produce new products
 METHOD OF CLEARING TREES, STUMPS, HEDGES,
UNDERGROWTH ETC
a. Salvage
Some trees that have a value are salvaged. They are cut down and the
large logs are made in lumbar or veneer.
b. Knock/ cutting down manually or using machine

c. Destroy by pushing into piles or burned

 thanks!
Any questions?
 Tutorial #3
Preliminary works need to be carried out before
construction works can start. Explain two (2) types of
preliminary works.

(10 marks)