ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE

 MEMBERS OF GROUP :
1. MUHAMMAD BAGUS AMRULLAH
2. NUR FAIZATUL UMAH
3. SULFA WULAN ARUM

 CLASS : PHYSICS 1A
 CALCULATING

Mathematics is the language of science. The

accuracy of predictions depends on the accuracy
of the measurements and computations used in
experimentation. Mathematics gives precision to
science. Scientists calculate everything from
number of atoms in a gram of hydrogen to the
heat of the sun; from the width of a galaxy of
stars to the number of calories in a granola bar;
and from the date when living things first
appeared on the earth to the time when our sun
will expire.
 USING ENGLISH TO CALCULATE
MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP CAN BE EXPRESSED IN SENTENCES USING PHRASES LIKE IS EQUAL TO, IS
PROPORTIONAL TO, AND IS THE PRODUCT OF.

 ...THE WEIGHT OF THE AIR AT SEA LEVEL IS EQUAL TO 14,7 POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH.
WEIGHT = 14,7 POUNDS/1 SQUARE INCH
 THE PRESSURE ON A DIVE IS THUS EQUAL TO THE WEIGHT OF THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLUS THE
WATER PRESSURE.
PRESSURE ON DIVER = ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE + WATER PRESSURE
 THE PRESSURE INSIDE YOUR BODY EQUALS THE PRESSURE OUTSIDE.
PRESSURE INSIDE = PRESSURE OUTSIDE
 UNDERSTANDING MATHEMATICAL TERMS
1. POTENTIAL ENERGY IS CALCULATED BY MULTIPLYING THE MASS TIMES THE GRAVITY
ACCELERATION TIMES THE HEIGHT.
EP = M.G.H
2. VELOCITY IS CALCULATED BY DIVIDING DISTANCE BY TIME.
V = S/T
3. POWER IS THE RATE IN WHICH WORK IS DONE; IT IS COMPUTED BY DIVIDING WORK BY TIME
P = W/T
4. THE VOLUME OF A CUBE IS CALCULATED BY MULTIPLYING THE LENGTH TIMES THE WIDTH TIME
THE HEIGH.
V = P.L.T
 INDEFINITE ARTICLES
INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A AND AN) ARE USED DIFFERENTLY IN ENGLISH THAN IN SOME LANGUAGES. THE MOST IMPORTANT
RULES ARE:
1. PLURAL NOUNS NEVER TAKE THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE
 A TERMOMETER IS A DEVICE FOR MEASURING A TEMPERATURE. (SINGULAR)
 TERMOMETERS ARE DEVICES FOR MEASURING TEMPERATURES. (PLURAL)

2. NOUNS THAT ARE COUNTABLE IN ENGLISH TAKE DEFINITE ARTICLES WHEN THEY ARE SINGULAR. NOUNS THAT AREN’T
COUNTABLE IN ENGLISH DO NOT TAKE INDEFINITE ARTICLES.
 A MICROSCOPE, AN ELECTRODE, A RULER (COUNTABLE)
 POLLUTION, OIL, METAL, PHYSICS (NOT COUNTABLE)

3. SOME NOUNS USED FREQUENTLY IN SCIENTIFIC WRITING CAN BE COUNTABLE OR NOT COUNTABLE, DEPENDING ON HOW
THEY ARE USED.
 SOUND (IN GENERAL) OR A SOUND (A PARTICULAR SOUND)
 PLATE (THE SUBTANCE) OR A PLATE (THE KIND WE EAT FROM)
 COLOR (IN GENERAL) OR A COLOR ( SUCH AS GREEN OR BLUE)
 DEFENITE ARTICLES
THE DEFENITE ARTICLES MAY BE USED WITH PLURAL NOUNS AND WITH EITHER COUNTABLE OR UNCOUNTABLE
SINGLE NOUNS. SOME COMMON USES OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE IN SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH ARE:
1. TO SPECIFY OR REFER TO SOMETHING THAT HAS ALREADY BEEN MENTIONED.
IN 1986 THERE WAS AN ACCIDENT AT A NUCLEAR REACTOR IN CHERNOBYL IN THE SOVIET UNION,
CAUSING THE SPREAD OF DANGEROUS RADIATION. THE REACTOR WAS SHUT DOWN. THE ACCIDENT AWAKENED
CONCERN FOR THE SAFETY OF NUCLEAR REACTORS ALL OVER THE WORLD.

2. TO REFER TO SOMETHING THAT IS UNIQUE

 A PLANET, THE EARTH
 AN ERA, THE MIDDLE AGES

3. TO REFER TO SOMETHING SPECIFIC

 THE SCIENTISTS PERFORMED A RESEARCH AND INVENTION.
 THE SCIENTISTS PERFORMED TO INOVATION THINGS BY RESEARCH SO HE WAS FAMOUS.
4. TO EXPRESS SUPERLATIVES
THE HEAVIEST ELEMENT, THE MOST DIFFICULT TASK

5. WITH ORDINAL NUMBERS

 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
 THE FIRST UNIT
 THE TWENTY-FIVE ELEMENTS

6. WITH A NOUN THAT IS FOLLOWED BY AN OF PHRASE

 THE THEORY OF DALTON’S ATOM
 THE ANATOMIC NUMBER OF CARBON
 THE DISCOVERY OF STONE
THANK YOU