Department of Education

Region III
Division of City Schools
ANGELES CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Arayat Boulevard, Barangay Pampang, Angeles City Pampanga 2009
Telephone No.: (045) 322-5494

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE)

Lesson 4: Basic Principles of Research Ethics

By:
Adrian P. Tamayo
Practical Research 1 Teacher
SST-III
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• Describes basic principles of research ethics in making decisions

• Apply basic principles of research ethics in making decisions

KEY CONCEPTS
• Deontological theory
• Consequentialist
approach
• Ethical principles
Lesson Outline

• What is Ethics?

• Deontological Theory

• Consequentialist Approach

• Ethical Principles
ACTIVITY: KWL CHART
Instruction: On the first column, list the things that you know about
qualitative and quantitative research. List the things that you want to
know about them on the second column. On the third, lust the things
that you have learned (based on your readings) about qualitative and
quantitative research.
What I know about the basic What I want to know about the What I learned about the basic
principles of research ethics basic principles of research principles of research ethics
ethicss
1. __________________ 1. __________________ 1. __________________

2. __________________ 2. __________________ 2. __________________

3. __________________ 3. __________________ 3. __________________

ABSTRACTION
• Ethics – in research refers to the standards on what is morally right or
wrong
• There are two intellectual approaches to ethics problems in social
research:
Deontological theory - “morals should be based on obligations
to others”
Consequentialist Approach – “people should seek to act in
accordance with the
consequences of their behavior
and minimize suffering and
maximize well-being”
~ Burnham, Gilland, Grant &
Layton-Henry, 2004:252
5 Basic Ethical Principles
• Beneficence or the avoidance of harm – researchers should seek to do good
rather than harm;
• Veracity or avoidance of deception – researchers should tell the truth and
keep promises;
• Privacy or autonomy – individuals have a right to limit access to
information about themselves
• Confidentiality – closely related to the notion of privacy, the right to control
the use of information about themselves
• Consent – the notion of informed consent is often recommended as an
operational principle for the conduct of research
What is Informed Consent? (Silverman, 2001)
• Giving information about the research which is relevant to the
subjects’ decision whether to participate or not;
• Making sure that subjects understand that information;
• Ensuring that participation is voluntary;
• Where are subjects are not competent to agree, obtain consent by
proxy.
Ethical Use of Source Material
• Avoiding Plagiarism - quoting directly, paraphrasing without
acknowledging the sources, constructing paraphrase that closely
resembles the original language and syntax
• Quote Accurately – quote directly from a source if the original
language is distinctive enough to enhance your agreement and reword
would lessen its impact.
• Acknowledge Quotations Carefully: failing to sign the presence of a
quotation skillfully can lead to confusion
Assessment: Identify the ethical principle that is
described in each of the ffg. Items listed below.
1. Individuals have a right to limit access to information about
themselves.
2. Includes quoting directly without acknowledging the source and
paraphrasing without acknowledging the source.
3. Closely related to the notion of privacy, the right to control the use
of information about themselves.
4. Failing to signal the presence of a quotation skillfully leading to
confusion.
5. When subjects are not competent to agree, they obtain consent
through this manner.
Reference:

Melegrito, Mendoza & Mactal (2016), Applied Research: An

Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods and Report Writing,
Quezon City, The Philippines: Phoenix (page 33-35)