PRINCIPLES OF

EFFECTIVE
WRITING
VARIOUS FACTORS MUST BE CONSIDERED IN
IDENTFYING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A
PARICULAR TEXT SUCH AS AN
ORGANIZATION AND COHERENCE, BUT FOR
US TO FURTHER UNDERTAND THESE
PROPERTIES, WE MUST FIRST KNOW THE
COMPONENTS OF A TEXT. A COMPOSITION IS
EITHER BE A PARAGRAPH OR AN ESSAY.
 A Paragraph is a group An Essay is a group of
of interrelated paragraph that talks
sentences that talks about one central
about one main idea. idea.

PARAGRAPH ESSAY
1. ORGANIZED AROUND A TOPIC 1. ORGANIZED AROUND A THESIS
SENTENCE

2. CONTAINS INTRODUCTORY SENTENCE 2. CONTAINS INTRODUCTORY

PARAGRAPH

3. USES SENTENCES TO EXPLAIN MAJOR 3. USES PARAGRAPHS TO EXPLAIN MAJOR

POINTS POINTS

4. MAY USE A CONCLUDING SENTENCES 4. ALWAYS USES CONCLUDING

PARAGRAPH
A Paragraph is composed of three
major parts: the topic sentence,
the body and the closing
sentence.
The TOPIC SENTECE- this is the
central idea of the paragraph. It can
be a stand or a comment, an
objective statement or a question.
The BODY SENTENCE- It can be
the sentences the clarify and prove
the main idea that is why it is usually
consist of the supporting details.
The CLOSING SENTENCES-
it is where the details that have
been presented is concluded.
FOUR TYPES OF CHALLENGING STUDENTS
ACCORDING TO MCKEACHLE AND
SVINICK:
1. Composed of the attention-seeking ,
discussion-dominating students who
want to be heard.
2. Comprised of the inattentive students
who doodle and drift off during class
discussing.
3. Composed of the unprepared students
who are characterized as the ones
who skip doing their assignments prior
to the class. They are those students
who do not have pen or paper and
even don’t know when is the exam or
quiz was scheduled.
4. Challenging students who includes the
uncivil and disrespectful one who
displays rude behavior.
Unlike Paragraph, an ESSAY has
more elaborate structure, It is divided
into three parts:
1. INTRODUCTION-
 LEAD OR ATTENTION-GETTER- aims
to hook the readers.
 TRANSITIONAL STATEMENT-which
link lead to the thesis.
 THESIS STATEMENT- state the main
idea or argument in the essay.
2. BODY- composed of three major
parts, each part is composed of 2 minor
details that support it.
3. CONCLUSION-
REITERATION OF THESIS STATEMENT-
using the different structure and
wording to uphold the langguage style.
TRANSITIONAL
STATEMENT/REITERATION PURPOSE,
BENEFIT, AND RECOMMENDATION –
the talks about the recommendations,
benefits of ideas presented, or purpose
of writing the essays.
CLOSING STATEMENT- used to wrap
up the essays.
ONE STRATEGY TO END IT WITH A
BANG IS TO LINK THE ATTENTION-
GETTER IN THE INTRODUCTION.
These forms of escape offered by adventure RPGs effectively
encourage a player to indulge in another world, while at the same
time exposing him to the danger of addiction it is therefore a
challenge for gamers to draw the line between fun and addiction, to
stay within the boundary of the former and curb the pangs of the
latter. After all, once the credit rolls in and every Pokemon is caught,
the player has to journey back to the real world.
UNITY- is achieved when a composition contains one focused idea. In a unified text, all
the supporting ideas are relevant to the main thought. Without unity, the text will be
confusing.

TEXT WITHOUT UNITY TEXT WITH UNITY

Viral videos are circulating online
expose the danger in sensationalist
culture: anyone’s life can change in one
single post. A like in Facebook can
change everything. For example, the
video of the students who verbally
abused a guard in the LRT has changed
the life of the students. Therefore,
people must take note of their actions
wherever they may be, because these
might be documented and posted
online. An addition to that, everyone
must be wary of the things they post,
because they never know who will
share it, too.
Viral videos circulating online expose the
danger in the sensationalist culture:
anyone’s life can change in one single
post. For instance, the video of a student
who verbally abused a guard in the LRT
has drastically altered the future of the
student. She was bashed by netizens for
her rude behavior, and the hashtag
#AMALAYER, taken after the way she
pronounced, “I’m a liar” trended soon
afterwards. News reports following the
incident soon revealed that the girl has
received considerable flak and has even
become a victim of bullying.
Coherence and cohesion are achieved when ideas are logically,
clearly, and smoothly lined to one another: without it, the reader
may not be able to comprehend your composition.
COHERENCE- occurs when ideas are connected ate the
conceptual or idea level. It can be seen through well-defended
arguments and organized points.
COHESION- is the connection of ideas at the sentence level. It
can be readily seen in a text through the smooth flow of the
sentences and the connection of the ideas. COHESION can be
applied using the three techniques: 1. through the use of pronouns
to refrain from using specific word repeatedly. 2. through the use
of transitional devices to connect sentences with the linked ideas.
And 3. to employs the repitition of keywords to tie up the
paragraphs subtly.
 WITHOUT COHERENCE AND COHESION
Amelia Earhart was a legendary women
who made her name in aviation by
setting various records. In 1928, she
became famous as the first women who
flew across the Atlantic Ocean. She was
only a passenger, with pilot Wilmer
Stultz and co-pilot/mechanic Louis
Gordon manning the controls. In 1932,
she flew on her own over the Atlantic.
She flew form Honolulu Hawaii to
Oakland California. She became the first
person to fly over both the Atlantic and
Pacific Ocean. Between 1930 and 1935,
Earhart set seven women’s speed and
distance aviation through different
aircrafts. She disappeared in 1973 while
attempting to fly around the world. On
the board her plane was her only crew
member, Fred Noonan. Extensive search
efforts were not able to find a trace of
both aviators.
 WITH COHERENCE AND COHESION
Amelia Earheart was a legandary woman
who made her name in aviation by setting
various records. In 1928 she became
famous as the first woman who flew
across the Atlantic Ocean. However, during
the trip she was only a passenger with
Pilot Wilmer Stultz and co-pilot/mechanic
Louis Gordon manning the controls. In
1932, she finally got to fly on her own over
the Atlantic She set another record when
she flew from Honolulu Hawai to
OaKLAND California in 1935, thus
becoming the first person to fly over both
the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans between
1930 AND 1935. Earhart set seven
women’s speed and distance aviation
through different aircrafts.
ORGANIZATION is achieved when ideas are logically
and accuretly arranged.
 TEXT WITHOUT ORGANIZATION
Thomas Edison was simply the one who
created the first viable light bulb. It is
widely believe that he invented the light
bulb. What made Edison’s light bulb
successful was his use of carbonized
bamboo as filament . This made the
bulb last longerand it was cheap enough
to be available for the masses. He only
improved on previous wok of inventors
who also work on the same project.
 TEXT WITH ORGANIZATION
Although it was widely believe that
Thomas Edison invented the light bulb, in
reality he was simply the one who created
the first commercial viable light bulb.
Along with his team Edison’s improved the
previous work of inventors who previously
work on the same project. Compared to
the previous version, what made his light
bulb successful was his use of carbonized
bamboo as filament. This made the bulb
last longer and it was cheap enough to be
available for the masses.
 LANGUAGE USE
-The way the language is use is one of the best indicators of a well
written text.
-It enables the writter to communicate without confusing them.
 EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE USE

1.Use of clear and concise words.

2.Avoid redundancies, wordiness,

clichés, and high falutin language.

3. Avoid excessive use of “THERE” and

“IT”

4.Use precise vocabulary.

5.Be consistent with point of view.

6.Avoid sexist language.

7. Use the appropriate level of formality.

SHANLEY SUDARIO
RAFAEL BAUTISTA
GIANNA MAMENTA
 MECHANICS
-technical aspect of writing
-it’s characterized as a set of conventions on how to spell, abbreviate,
punctuate and capitalize a composition.