TYPES OF Contact

vs.

FORCES
Noncontact
 FORCE: A PUSH OR PULL
Can change the size and the shape
of things by compressing, stretching,
cutting, tearing and bending.
Can make the stationary ball put
into motion by rolling it
Can stop or change the
motion/direction of a moving object
 FORCE: A PUSH OR PULL

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑥 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Mass is in kilograms (kg)

Acceleration is in meter per second squared (m/s 2 )
The unit for force is in Newton/s
 FORCE: A PUSH OR PULL
Net force is the total force on an
object.
Unbalanced Force can cause an
object to move, stop moving, or
change direction.
The balanced forces are the forces in
equal and opposite directions.
Try these problems to test your knowledge about balanced and
unbalanced forces.
1.Two tugboats are moving a barge. Tugboat A exerts a force of
3000 newtons on the barge. Tugboat B exerts a force of 5000
newtons in the same direction. What is the combined force on the
barge?
2.Draw arrows showing the individual and combined forces of the
tugboats in #1.
3.Now suppose that tugboat A exerts a force of 2000 newtons on
the barge and tugboat B exerts a force of 4000 newtons in the
opposite direction. What is the combined force on the barge?
4.Draw arrows showing the individual and combined forces of the
tugboats in #3.
5.Could there ever be a case when tugboat A and tugboat B are
both exerting a force on the barge but the barge doesn't move?
Draw arrows showing the individual and combined forces in such a
situation.
 FORCE: A PUSH OR PULL
Contact Force
 A force that can cause or
change motion of an object
by touching it. Motors and
gears operate through
contact forces.
Contact Force Examples:
• Normal Force (F n)
• Air Resistance (F air)
• Applied Force (F app )
• Tension force (T)
• Frictional (F f)
• Spring (F spring)
Non-Contact Force
 Force that results when the
two objects are not in
physical contact with each
other, yet are able to exert
a push or pull.
Non-Contact Force Examples:
• Gravitational Force (F grav) or (W)
• Electrical Force
• Magnetic Force
 CONTACT FORCES
Applied Force: a force which is applied to an
object by another object or by a person.
Friction: Happens when two objects rub against
each other. Friction opposes motion.
Normal Force: The normal force is the support
force exerted upon an object that is in contact
with another stable object.
Air Resistance: The air resistance is a type of
frictional force that acts upon objects as they
travel through the air.
CONTACT FORCES

Normal Force= 10N

 NON-CONTACT FORCES
 Magnetic Force: A kind of non contact force,
materials such as iron, nickel, cobalt and other
magnets just need to be near the magnet to be
attracted or repelled.

 Electric Force: Noncontact force of electrical charges

 Gravitational Force: The force of attraction between

any two objects in the universe. All objects have
gravitational force.
GRAVITY
Mass and distance
affect the force of
gravity. The greater the
mass and the closer the
object, the stronger its
gravitational pull.
 GRAVITY
How does the force of gravity change
as the mass of objects and distance
between them changes?

The force of gravity between

two objects depends on two
factors:

 Mass
 Distance

*Longer arrows represent a greater force of gravity.

 MASS VS. WEIGHT
 The amount of matter in  Measure of the Earth’s
an object. gravitational pull (a
 Unit: Grams force).
 Does not depend of  measured in lbs. or N
gravity.  Changes depending on
 Measured with a triple the gravitational force.
beam or digital balance.  Measured using a
spring scale.
 Invented by
Robert Hooke
 CLASSIFY THE FORCES
A foot kicking a soccer ball
An apple falling off a tree
A paper clip sliding towards a magnet
A bat striking a baseball
Two magnets pushing apart from one
another
The moon orbiting the Earth
A compass needle turning North
A hand pushing an object
Shoes rubbing against the floor
 DESCRIBING AND MEASURING
MOTION

Distance versus Displacement

Speed, Velocity and
Acceleration
 POINT OF REFERENCE
Coordinate frame within which to
measure position, motion, or other
properties of an object.
OR...
Observational frame tied to the motion
of an observer.
In Newtonian physics, all motion must be
defined in terms of a reference point.
 POINT OF REFERENCE
Is the speed of the ball different relative to
the pitcher, the truck driver, and the jet pilot?
Why or why not?
 DISTANCE
Distance (d) – how far an object travels.
Does not depend on direction.
Imagine an ant crawling along a ruler.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm

What distance did the ant travel?

d = 3 cm
 DISTANCE
Distance does not depend on direction.
Here’s our intrepid ant explorer again.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm

Now what distance did the ant travel?

d = 3 cm
Does his direction change the answer?
 DISTANCE
Distance does not depend on direction.
Let’s follow the ant again.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm

What distance did the ant walk this

time?
d = 7 cm
 DISPLACEMENT
Displacement (x) – difference between an
object’s final position and its starting position.
 Does depend on direction.
Displacement = final position – initial position
x = x final – x initial
In order to define displacement, we need
directions.
Examples of directions:
 + and –
 N, S, E, W
 Angles
 DISPLACEMENT VS. DISTANCE

Example of distance:
The ant walked 3 cm.
Example of displacement:
The ant walked 3 cm EAST.
An object’s distance traveled and its
displacement aren’t always the
same!
 DISPLACEMENT
Let’s revisit our ant, and this time we’ll
find his displacement.
- +

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm

Distance: 3 cm
Displacement: +3 cm
The positive gives the ant a direction!
 DISPLACEMENT
Find the ant’s displacement again.
Remember, displacement has direction!

- +

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm

Distance: 3 cm
Displacement: -3 cm
 DISPLACEMENT

Find the distance and displacement of

the ant.
- +

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm

Distance: 7 cm
Displacement: +3 cm
DISPLACEMENT VS. DISTANCE
An athlete runs around a track that is 100
meters long three times, then stops.
 What is the athlete’s distance and displacement?

Distance = 300 m
Displacement = 0 m
Why?
 Make a Book!
Time to tap into some creativity!
You will create a 6-page book that
covers what you learned today.
(10 minutes)

Front Cover: “Force: A Push or Pull”

Your name and section.

Page 1 and 2 importance of forces

and ex
Page 3, 4: advantages and
disadvantages of friction
Page 5, 6: uses of vectors (in
location)
Page 7 haiku about speed/velocity
 SPEED
Speed (s) or average speed - Rate at which an
object is moving. Or it refers to how fast the
object is moving.

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠)
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠)

Like distance, speed does not depend on

direction.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM: SPEED
A car drives 100 meters in 5 seconds.

1s
2
3
4
5
100 m

What is the car’s average speed?

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠) 100 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = = = 20 𝑚/𝑠
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠) 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
 SAMPLE PROBLEM: SPEED

A rocket is traveling A racecar is

at 10 km/s. How traveling at 85 m/s.
long does it take the How far does the car
rocket to travel 30 travel in 30 s?
km?