MACROMOLECULES

 Describe in detail what you see in the

diagram. (Minimum 3 sentences)

The digestive process is occurring. In

order for organisms to live and
function they require energy. Eating
and digesting food provides the body
with chemical energy in the form of
ATP.
Biomolecules
You are what you eat!
 Agenda
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Comparing biomolecues
5. Constructing glucose molecules
 CARBOHYDRATES
1. Carbohydrates
 Carbohydrates aka…

Sugar

Starch
Carbs
How does our body break
down this bread?
 Breaks down into
microscopic molecules

Loaf of bread Bread crumbs

Polysaccharide

Monosaccharide Disaccharide
 Structure

Sugar
Many

Polysaccharide
 Structure
Sugar
Two

Di saccharide
 Structure

Sugar
One

Monosaccharide
 Function
 Provide QUICK energy to the body!
 Challenge: Explain what you think is happening here.
(at least 3 sentences)

Loaf of bread Bread crumbs Polysaccharide

Monosaccharide Disaccharide

The diagram shows a picture of bread (starch). It also maps

out the break down of carbohydrates from their most
complex form (polysaccharide) to their least complex
(monosaccharide). This process is called hydrolysis.
LIPIDS
 Breaks down into
microscopic molecules
Fats, oils, waxes, steroids
 LOOK FOR THE “E”
Monomer:
3 fatty acids + glycerol
 Function
 Made mainly of carbon and hydrogen (few
oxygen)
 Fat best method of STORING
 forms cell membranes
 Insulates nerve cells (myelin)
 Insulates body (maintains homeostasis)
 How are complex
carbohydrates formed and
broken down?
 Dehydration Synthesis
 Combining single compounds into a complex one by removing water

monosaccharide + monosaccharide ----> disaccharide + water

C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ----> C12H22O11 + H2O

(Process forms disaccharides & polysaccharides)

 Hydrolysis
 Addition of WATER to a compound SPLITS it

disaccharide + H2O ---> monosaccharide + monosaccharide

C12H22O11 + H2O ---> C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

 Challenge:
Describe what you see (at least 3 sentences)

This is an amino acid.

It is the monomer for a
protein. It contains C,
H, O and N. It has 3
groups: an amino
group, an R-group, and
a carboxyl group. The
R-group is considered a
variant group because it
changes.
 Proteins aka….

Whey
Protein

Meat

Polypeptide
Peanut
butter
 Breaks down into
microscopic molecules
Polypeptide

Meat

Amino Acid
Monomer: amino acid
Polymer: polypeptide
Monomer: Amino Acids
•Contains C, H, O, N
•20 types
•Has both hydrophobic
& hydrophylic ends
•Differ in R-group
•R-group can be acidic,
basic or neutral
•Makes polypeptide
then makes proteins
 Polymer: Polypeptide
(peptide means bond)

•Formed by
dehydration
synthesis
•Sequence
determined by
DNA
•3-D and folds to
take up less space
Function of Proteins
 Provides us with building
blocks for life!
 Also regulate most functions
in a cell.
 Glycoproteins (antigens)
 Combines w/DNA to form
chromosomes
 Turns genes on and off
 Antibodies (fights disease)
Function of Proteins
 Provides structure &
strength (fibers)
 Transports molecules in &
out cells
 Hemoglobin (transports O2)
 Enzymes (speeds up rxns)-
has –ase suffix
 Acts as hormones (insulin)-
many proteins have suffix
of -in
Bellringer: Describe in detail what you see in
the diagram. (minimum 3 sentences)

This is a picture of
ATP. ATP is one
type of polymer of a
nucleic acid. It is
made of adenine,
sugar, and 3
phosphate groups.
 Nucleic Acids

 Contains C, H, O, N, P
 Monomer: NUCLEOTIDES
 Nucleotides consist of 3 parts:
1. 5-Carbon Sugar
2. Phosphate Group
3. Nitrogenous Base
 Nucleotide: Nitrogen Bases
 5 types
 Cytosine
 Guanine
 Adenine
 Thymine (in DNA
only)
In DNA: In RNA:  Uracil (in RNA only)
C-G C-G
A-T A-U  Purines or pyrimidines
 Nucleotides:
5-carbon sugar and phosphate group
 2 types of sugars
 Ribose (in RNA only)
 Deoxyribose (in DNA
only)
deoxyribose ribose
 Phosphate group
 Contains phosphorus &
oxygen
 Polymer: polynucleotide
 Function
Polypeptide: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
 contains the genetic code
 stores
& transmit
heredity/genetic information
 foundin the nucleus
(mitochondria)
 Double stranded (double
helix)
 Function
Polypeptide: RNA (ribonucleic acid)
 Carries info from DNA
to cell
 Helps in protein
synthesis
 found in ribosomes &
nucleoli
 Single stranded
 Polypeptide: ATP
 Contains adenine, ribose
sugar, 3 phosphates
 Stores and releases energy
 Concept Map
Section 2-3

Carbon
Compounds
include

that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of

which contain which contain which contain which contain

 Concept Map
Section 2-3

Carbon
Compounds
include

Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins

that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of

Sugars and
Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids
starches
which contain which contain which contain which contain

Carbon, Carbon, Carbon,hydrogen, Carbon,

hydrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen,oxygen,
oxygen oxygen phosphorus nitrogen,
Which biomolecule has the
most energy!?
 C-H bonds
 Count the number of C-H bonds in
your monosaccharide picture.
 Count the number of C-H bonds in
your saturated or unsaturated bond
picture
 Which biomolecule (carbs or fats)
have more C-H bonds?
The number of C-H bonds
= the amount of energy
The more C-H bonds a
biomolecule has, the more energy
it has!
Fatshave the most energy
because they have the most C-H
bonds!
 Video clips:
 Burning Marshmallow

 Oil lamp

 Cooking Oil Car

 CHALLENGE!
 Which popular plant process forms glucose?
Photosynthesis
 Which elements form a glucose molecule?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
 What is the molecular formula for glucose? C6H12O6

 Create a polymer using dehydration synthesis process.