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Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Submitted By:
Ratna Raju M
17765A0210
Gopi Kalyan S
16761A0249
LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING.
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Contents

 What is HEV....?
 History
 Types of Hybridization
 Types of HEV
 Parts of HVE vehicle
 Advantages of HEV
 Disadvantage of HEV
 Future Scope
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What is
HEV…?
 A hybrid car is any car that uses both electricity and fuel
injection in order to run.

Conventional Battery Electric Hybrid Electric Car

Fue Battery Battery

l Fuel
Motor/ Motor/
Engin
Engin Generato Generato
e r e
r

Transmission Transmission Transmission

Fig: Hybrid Vehicle Mean

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History of
HEV

1830’s
• Battery electric vehicle invented by Thomas Davenport, Robert Anderson,
others - using non-rechargeable batteries.
 1890’s
• EV’s outsold gas cars 10 to 1, Oldsmobile and Studebaker started as EV
companies started as EV companies.
 1904’s
• Krieger Company builds first hybrid vehicle
 1910’s
• Mass-produced Ford cars undercut hand-built EV’s
• EV’s persist as status symbols and utility vehicles until Great Depression.

Fig: Historical Hybrid car

Image Source: Google Images
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Types of Hybridization

1. MILD / Micro Hybridization

 They feature idle-stop function
 Regenerative braking
 Are not capable of using the electric motor to propel the vehicle
 These systems are usually 42 volts or less

Fig: Mild Hybridization

Image Source: Google Images

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Types of Hybridization

2. Medium Hybridization
 They feature idle-stop function
 Regenerative braking
 Most are not capable of using the electric motor alone to propel the vehicle
 The electric motor usually assists the engine
 Battery voltages are about 144 to 158 volts

Fig: Medium Hybridization

Image Source: Google Images

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Types of Hybridization

3. Full Hybridization
 They feature idle-stop function
 Regenerative braking
 Most are capable of using the electric motor alone to propel the vehicle
 The electric motor also assists the engine
 Battery voltages are about 200 to 300 volts

Fig: Full Hybridization

Image Source: Google Images

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Types of Hybrid

1. Series hybrid
 The fuel tank goes to the engine, but the
engine turns a generator.
 Then the generator can either charge the
batteries or power an electric motor that
drives the transmission.
 The gasoline engine does not directly
power the car.

Fig: Series Hybrid

Image Source: Google Images
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Types of HEV

2. Parallel Hybrid
 Has a fuel tank that supplies gas to the
engine like a regular car.
 It also has a set of batteries that run an
electric motor.
 Both the engine and electric motor can
turn the transmission at the same time.

Fig: Parallel Hybrid

Image Source: Google Images
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Types of HEV

3. Series-Parallel Hybrid
 Series-Parallel type also called Power-split
hybrids.
 More beneficial then above hybrid.
 Most of the latest vehicle based on this
hybrid.

Fig: Series Parallel Hybrid

Image Source: Google Images
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Parts of HEV
vehicle

1. Engine
 It’s much same as other vehicles engine,
but the size of hybrid electric vehicle
engine is small and it’s more fuel efficient.
 There are two types of engine,
mostly
used in HEV
vehicle
a. Petrol Engine
b. Diesel Engine

Fig: Engine

Image Source: Google Images

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Parts of HEV
vehicle

2. Battery
 It stores the energy generated from gasoline
engine or during regenerative braking, from
the electric motor.
 There are 3 types of batteries used in HEV
vehicles
a. Lead Acid(2.2 volt)
b. Nickel Cadmium (1.2 volt)
c. Lithium-ion(3.7 volt)
Fig: Battery

Image Source: Google Images

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Parts of HEV
vehicle

3. Electrical Motor
 It’s power the vehicle at low speed and assist
the gasoline engine when additional
power is needed.
 Most of the electric machines used in hybrid
vehicles are brushless DC motors (BLDC).

Fig: Electrical Motor

Image Source: Google Images

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Parts of HEV
vehicle

4.Controller
 The controller is used to charge the battery
or to supply the power to electric motor.
a. Converts Battery DC to a chopped DC
power
b. Can chop in amplitude (DC) or frequency
(AC)
c. Power is based on low voltage input signal
4-20 mA or 0-5V

Fig: Controller

Image Source: Google Images

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Parts of HEV
vehicle

5. Generator
 It converts mechanical energy from engine
into electrical energy, which can be used
by electric motor stored in the battery. It’s
also used to start the gasoline engine
instantly.

Fig: Generator

Image Source: Google Images

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Advantages of
HEV

 Savings
 Low Emissions Improved
Low
fuel
 Reduced Noise pollution Emissio
n Efficiency
 Low Maintenance
 Safe to Drive Less Noise

Fig: Advantages
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Disadvantages of
HEV

 Hybrids are more expensive than non-

hybrids.
 Hybrids (in regards to a car accident) have Costly
a much higher risk of exploding because it More
Maintenanc
has a combination of gasoline Expensiv
e
ethanol.
and e
 Sometimes they can be pretty ugly.
 Parts can be very expensive to repair. Low Power
(between $1,00,000 and $3,00,000 for
a
battery).
 Slower than petrol powered
cars. Fig: Disadvantages
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Future
Scope
 All the Major Automobile manufactures are working on Hybrid Electrical Vehicle.
 Heavy vehicle like trucks will be use hybrid system in future.
 Efficiency of hybrid electric vehicle will further increase in future.
 Safety features will be add in new generation hybrid car or other vehicle.
 Power of car have to increase in future.
 Price of vehicle will reduce due to increase in production rate of hybrid electric
vehicles.
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Tata’s hybrid Product

Fig: Tata Starbus hybrid

Image Source: Google Images

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Any
Questions…?
Thank you