SANITATION

SAFETY PLAN
 Briones
Team Leader
Grico Barol

Marco Garcia Wong

 SECTION A. INTRODUCTION A
1. Introduction
1.1. Sanitation Safety Planning
1.2. Sanitation Safety Planning Pilots in the Philippines
Table of Contents SECTION B. THE SIX SANITATION SAFETY PLANNING
STEPS
1. Step 1: Prepare for Sanitation Safety Planning
1.1. Set the Sanitation Safety Planning Objective
1.2. Define Sanitation Safety Planning System Boundary
and Identify Lead Organization
1.3. Assemble the Sanitation Safety Planning Team
2. Step 2: Describe the Sanitation System
2.1. Map the System
2.2. Describe the Sanitation Steps

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 2.2. Describe the Sanitation Steps
2.3. Characterize the Waste Fractions
2.4. Validate the System Description
2.5. Gather Compliance and Contextual Information
3. Step 3: Identify Hazards and Assess Existing Controls and
Exposure Risk
3.1. Identify Hazards and Hazardous Events
3.2. Identify Exposure Groups and Exposure Routes
3.3. Identify and Assess Existing Control Measures
3.4. Assess and Prioritize the Exposure Risk
4. Step 4: Develop and Implement an Incremental
Improvement Plan
4.1. Identify New and/or Improved Control Measures
4.2. Develop an Incremental Improvement Plan
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5. Step 5: Monitor Control Measures and Verify
Performance
5.1. Define and Implement Operational
Monitoring
5.2. Verify System Performance
5.3. Audit the System
Step 6: Develop Supporting Programs and Review
Plans
6.1. Develop Supporting Programs and
Implement Management Procedures
6.2. Review and Update Sanitation Safety
Planning Outputs
 • Sanitation aims to prevent human contact with the
potential hazards posed by wastes such as wastewater,
greywater, and excreta, including physical,
microbiological, biological, or chemical agents of diseases.
Sanitation – Excreta - waste matter discharged from the body, especially
Safety Planning feces and urine.
– Greywater is any household wastewater with the exception
of wastewater from toilets, which is known as blackwater.
– Wastewater, also written as waste water, is
any water that has been adversely affected in quality by
anthropogenic influence.
• Sanitation safety planning (SSP) will help an operator of a
sanitation system maximize the health benefits and
minimize the health risks of the system.
• The Sanitation Safety Planning Manual published by the
World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015
• provides practical step-by-step guidance in the
implementation of the 2006 WHO Guidelines for Safe Use
of Wastewater, Excreta, and Greywater.1
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 • SSP is a preventive risk management approach that
identifies potential risks that may arise during the

Sanitation operation of a sanitation system, including waste

collection, transportation and conveyance, treatment,

Safety disposal, and reuse.

• The 2015 WHO SSP manual provides examples of SSP

Planning documents developed in India, Peru, the Philippines,

Portugal, Uganda, and Viet Nam.

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 Sanitation chain

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 SANITATION Water Operational Plan (WOP)
SAFETY • Supported by the Water Financing Program

PLANNING • The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is

committed to increase sanitation
PILOTS IN THE investments in its developing countries

PHILIPPINES through this plan

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 The WOP Priority
Thrusts are:
expanded
knowledge and
expanded
capacity enhanced
wastewater
development partnerships with
management and
using technology the private sector.
reuse
and innovation
more directly, and

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 SSP aims to address the challenges brought about by the impact on public health
scarce sanitation facilities or improper use of such facilities
• inadequate containment
• Treatment
• handling of wastewater
• Greywater
• Excreta
• Improper disposal of human wastes

Which contributes to the degradation of the environment and water resources

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ADB Water Financing Partnership Facility (WFPF)
• mobilizes additional financial and knowledge resources from various
development partners to support the implementation of its Water Financing
Program.
• assist two water service providers, Baliwag Water District (BWD) and Maynilad
Water Services, Inc. (MWSI)
• The SSP pilots in the Philippines provided information to the 2015 WHO SSP
Manual.

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 This guide • 2006 WHO Guidelines for Safe Use of Wastewater,
Excreta and Greywater;

is based on • 2015 WHO SSP manual; and

• The SSP documents of the pilot utilities, BWD and
the MWSI.

following
reference
documents
:

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Consistent with the six-step sanitation safety
planning in the 2015 WHO SSP manual, the
guide is divided into six steps:
Step 1 Prepare for
Sanitation Safety
Planning

Step 6 Develop
Supporting Programs Step 2 Describe the
and Reviewing Plans Sanitation System

Step 3 Identify Hazards

Step 5 Monitor Control
and Assess Existing
Measures and Verify
Controls and Exposure
Performance
Risk

Step 4 Develop an
Incremental
Improvement Plan

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STEP 1: PREPARE FOR SANITATION SAFETY
PLANNING

1 Set the Sanitation Safety Planning Objective Example

2 Map the
Define SSPSystem
System Boundary and Lead
Organization
3 Assembling the SSP Team
❷ Develop an Incremental
Improvement Plan
Gather Compliance and Contextual
Informations

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1.1 Set the SSP Objective Example

Combined Sewage and Septage Facility (Maynilad Water Services, Inc.-

Veterans Water Reclamation Facility [MWSI-VWRF])
- The principal objective of sanitation safety planning (SSP) by MWSI is to mitigate
risks to health of exposed
- workers, users, and the community during collection, transport, treatment, and
disposal of wastewater, and during maintenance activities of the facility.

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Septage Facility (Baliwag Water District septage treatment plant [BWD-
SpTP])
- The principal objective of BWD in undertaking SSP is to ensure public health
while implementing its septage management program. Specifically, the SSP seeks to
safeguard the health of
- all groups exposed to activities related to septage processing, including septic
tank desludging, transportation and treatment; and disposal of effluent, sludge
cakes, and other waste generated;
- downstream farmers who use treated effluent for irrigation, and sludge cakes
for fertilizer or soil conditioner; and
- consumers of produce from farms that use treated effluent and sludge cakes.

Sources: Baliwag Water DIstrict and Maynilad Water Services, Inc.

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 Key Questions for Defining Sanitation Safety
Planning System Boundary and Identifying
Lead Organization
What is the scope of operation of the sanitation
• What is the extent of the area of operation?
business (septage, sewerage, solid waste, etc.)? • For septage collection, who are at risk along the transport route (from the septic tanks to the treatment plant)?

How is wastewater generated by the facility treated

(e.g., mechanized, natural systems) and disposed of • Are there downstream users of the treated effluent?
(e.g., irrigation canal, natural body of water such as • If yes, who are they and what is the wastewater used for (e.g., irrigate rice farms, water lawns, wash vacuum trucks)?
rivers and lakes, temporary holding tanks)?

How is sludge treated and disposed of (e.g.,

composting, drying, incineration, landfill, used on
land)?

• Are they used as soil conditioner?

How are biosolids or sludge cakes generated by the • Are they used to produce fertilizer (e.g., using vermicomposting)?
facility used? • Are they used as fertilizer to grow vegetables and other crops?;
• if so, what vegetables and crops? Any other uses (e.g., forestry and mine reclamation)?

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1.2.1 SSP System Boundary

• scope of operations of a sanitation

facility or business,
• administrative boundaries,
• sanitation catchment area,
• area where waste products are used,
System and
boundary criteria • protection of specific exposure groups.

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 SSP SYSTEM BOUNDARY OF A
COMBINED SEWAGE AND
SEPTAGE FACILITY (MWSI-VWRF)
AND MAP OF THE SEWERED
AREA

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Define the System Boundary and Lead Organization

SSP boundaries
may need to be
defined to suit:

the scope of Protection of

Administrative Sanitation Areas where waste
operations of a A specific product specific exposure
boundaries catchment area products are used
sanitation business group

Cristela Jane L. Grico

1.4 Assembling the Team

Conduct
Stakeholder
Analysis and Appoint a
select team leader
expertise for
the team

Define and
Management
record roles of
and financial
the individuals
considerations
on the team

Cristela Jane L. Grico

STEP 2: DESCRIBE THE
SANITATION SYSTEM
1 Map the Sytem

2 Map the System

Characterize the Waste Fractions

3 Identify Potential Exposure Groups

❷ Develop an Incremental
Improvement Plan
4 Gather Compliance and Contextual
Informations
5 Validate the System Description
Cristela Jane L. Grico
2.1 Map the System

1 2 3 4 5 6
Include all sources of Account for all used Identify all significant Include flow rates Include the capacity or Include drinking water
waste, both point and and disposed parts of existing potential where known design of loading of sources where this is
nonpoint sources, the waste stream barriers components where relevant to the
such as runoff known sanitations system

Cristela Jane L. Grico

2.2 Characterize the Waste Fractions

It aims to identify
all the waste
streams in the
sanitation system

• The source(s) of the waste

• The main composition of the waste in terms of liquid and solid fractions
Factors to • The potential for accidentally mixed components of the waste that may pose
risk
consider: • The likely concentration of physical and chemical pollutants and pathogenic
microorganisms of the waste

Cristela Jane L. Grico

2.3 Identify Potential Exposure Groups

aims at categorizing people that may be

exposed to a hazard

A further prioritization is enabled for control

strategies and potential exposure groups

Cristela Jane L. Grico

 BROAD CLASSIFICATION OF
EXPOSURE GROUPS
  WASTE FRACTIONS
POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS POTENTIAL CHEMICAL POTENTIAL PHYSICAL HARZARDS
HAZARDS
  Viruses Bacteria Protozoa Helminths Vector- Toxic Heavy Sharp Inorganic Malodours
Related Chemicals Metals objects material
Diseases

LIQUID WASTE      
FRACTIONS

SOLID WASTE      
FRACTIONS

Cristela Jane L. Grico

 SEWAGE/SEPTAGE PROCESSING

Cristela Jane L. Grico

2.4 Validate the System Description

It is important to validate the system description to ensure

that the information gathered is complete and accurate.

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 This Can Be sanitary
collection of
focus group key informant samples for
done by Field inspections and
discussions interviews laboratory
surveillance
investigations: testing

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2.5 Gather Compliance and Contextual Information

Controlling and managing system risks are closely linked

to
monitoring
climate change
system demographic
quality standards land use patterns and seasonal
management and aspects
conditions.
performance

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 Quality Standards, Certification,
and Audit Requirements

The SSP team should

collect sufficient data on

other legal and regulatory

certification and audit aspects concerning control
relevant quality standards
requirements of system elements and
waste.

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Quality Standards of Waste Generated by
a combined Septage and Sewage Plant
Waste Existing Laws and Guidelines
Effluent DENR Administrative Order 35 –
Effluent Regulations of 1990 Effluent
Standards: Conventional and other
Pollutants in Inland Waters (Category I
and II and in Inland Waters Class C)
DENR Administrative Order 35 -
Effluent Regulations of 1990 Effluent
Standards: Toxic and Other Deleterious
Substances (Category I and II and in
Inland Waters Class C)
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Parameters
• BOD5 at 20°C – 50 mg/l
• Total Suspended Solids – 70 mg/l
• Oil and Grease – 5.0 mg/l
• Total Coliforms – 10,000 MPN/100
ml Surfactants (MBAS) – 5.0 mg/l
• Phenol Substances as Phenols – 0.1
mg/l
• Arsenic - 0.2 mg/l
• Cadmium – 0.05 mg/l
• Chromium hexavalent – 0.1 mg/l
Cyanide – 0.2 mg/l
• Lead – 0.3 mg/l
• Mercury (total) – 0.005 mg/l PCBs –
0.003 mg/l
• Formaldehyde – 1.0 mg/l
 Quality Standards of Waste
Generated by a combined Septage
and Sewage Plant
Waste Existing Laws and Guidelines
Biosolids WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of
Wastewater, Excreta, and
Greywater Volume I Policy and
Regulatory Aspects
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Parameters
Recommended minimum
verification monitoring of microbial
performance targets for wastewater
and excreta in agriculture: ≤1
helminth egg per liter for restricted
and unrestricted irrigation ≤10,000
E. coli per 100 ml for unrestricted
irrigation to leaf crops ≤100,000 E.
coli per 100 ml for unrestricted
irrigation to high growing crops
 Legal Requirements for a Combined
Sewage and Septage Facility (MWSI-
VWRF)
Agency Requirement
DENR-EMB PD1586 ECC/ CNC
RA6969 Hazardous Waste ID
RA 8749 Permit to Operate
DAO 2014-02 Accredited PCO
Specifics/Details
CNC-0610-16-011 issued on 16
October 2006
HW#GR-13-74-1313 (Am) issued on
30 January 2014
1-400kW POA No.14-POA-C-
137404-0968 (R) valid until 30
March 2019
Reynaldo C. Angeles

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 Legal Requirements for a Combined
Sewage and Septage Facility (MWSI-
VWRF)
Agency Requirement
LLDA BR 408 S2011 LLDA Clearance
RA9275 Discharge Permit
Accredited PCO Annual
Consumption Report
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Specifics/Details
LLDA Clearance No.PC-25b-012-
003 25 issued on 11 July 2013
DP application submitted on 8
August 2013 (updated on 24
October 2014)
Reynaldo C. Angeles Latest report
submitted was on 30 January 2015
 Legal Requirements for a Septage
Facility (BWD-SpTP)
Waste Existing Laws/Guidelines Parameters (mg/kg)
• Dewatered Septage - Sludge WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use Maximum tolerable soil concentrations of
Cake of Wastewater, Excreta and various toxic chemicals based on human
health protection:
Greywater Volume I, Policy and • Arsenic 8
• Processed Sludge Cake as Soil Regulatory Aspects • Cadmium 4
Conditioner/ Fertilizer/ • Chromium n/a
• Copper n/a
Vermicompost • Mercury 7
• Lead 84
• Silver 3
• Nickel 107
• Barium 302
• Selenium 6
Additional parameters include:
• Antimony 36
• Beryllium 0.2
• Boron 1.7
• Fluorine 635
• Molybdenum 0.6
• Thallium 0.3
• Vanadium 47

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2.5.2. System Management and Performance
• Data on monitoring and surveillance of the system

The SSP team

• Frequency of documentation

should obtain
the following
• If faults and/or deviations were followed-up

information:
• Epidemiological data on the groups of people involved

• Types and amount of products

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STEP 3: IDENTIFY HAZARDS, ASSESS
EXISTING CONTROLS, AND ASSESS
EXPOSURE RISK
1 Identify Hazards and Hazardous Events

2Map the Exposure

Identify System Groups and Exposure
Routes
3 Identify Potential Exposure Groups
❷ Develop an Incremental
Improvement Plan
4 Gather Compliance and Contextual
Informations
5 Validate the System Description

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3.1. IDENTIFY HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS EVENTS

Risk assessment starts with the identification of hazards and hazardous

events at each point of exposure for all the sources of waste
generation.

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 The SSP team should identify the
following hazardous events:
Hazardous Events
Hazardous Events Associated with the Normal
Operation of the System
Indirect Hazards or Hazardous Events
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Causes
These hazards include the possibility of:
• defective infrastructure
• system overloads
• lack of timely maintenance
• operator error
• involuntary contact by operators with hazardous
waste
• excessive emissions of gas and smell
• excessive accumulation of waste
Some hazards can affect people who are not directly
involved in the sanitation chain. These hazards include:
• vermin
• vector proliferation
• effects of waste discharges into rivers, aquifers,
irrigation canals and fields, and on downstream
communities
 The SSP team should identify the
following hazardous events:
Hazardous Events
Hazardous Events due to System Failure or Accident
Hazardous Events related to Seasonal or Climatic
Factors
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Causes
Failures or accidents are highly likely to occur during
the operation of the system often caused by events
not connected with the operation itself:
• such as electricity blackouts
• accidental spillages of hazardous waste
• treatment failure
• equipment breakdown
• Hazards can also be due to failures or accidents
generated by seasonal and climate changes such
as: flood or drought
• seasonal changes in the behavior of the system
change in quality of the influent due to heavy
rainfall
3.2. IDENTIFY EXPOSURE GROUPS AND EXPOSURE ROUTES

The SSP team should further categorize exposure groups, as

follows:
• Who? An accurate definition of those who could be at risk of exposure.
• How many? An estimate of the number of individuals in each group who could be
exposed directly or indirectly. •
• Where? A definition of the place(s) where the exposure may occur within the sanitation
system.

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 Exposure Group Categories
Symbol Short Name Short Description
W Waste Handlers Persons who operate, maintain,
monitor, clean, and empty the
sanitation components
F Farm Workers Persons who irrigate their crops with
the waste products (effluent and sludge
cake)
U Utility Workers Persons who use the effluent for
landscaping and gardening
L Local Community Persons who live near or downstream
from the sanitation system or farm
where the material is used and who
may be passively affected
C Consumers Anyone who consumes or uses the
sanitation products (e.g., crops or
compost)

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 Exposure Groups for a Septage
Management System Operator
Symbol Exposure Group
W W1 (Desludging Aides)
W2 (Vacuum Truck Operators)
W3 (SpTP operators)
W4 (Chemist, Pollution Control
Officer, Division Manager, Plant
Supervisor)
W5 (Municipal Garbage Collectors)
W6 (Accredited Hazardous Waste
Treaters)
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Exposure Subcategory
Those who open septic tanks
Those who collect and transfer raw
septage
Those who operate an SpTP
Those who monitor operations
Those who collect and receive the
washed trash in an SpTP
Those who collect and receive the
hazardous waste generated in an
SpTP
 Exposure Groups for a Septage
Management System Operator
Symbol Exposure Group Exposure Subcategory
F F1 Farmers who use sludge cakes as
soil conditioner
F2 Farmers who use sludge cakes for
vermiculture
F3 Farmers who use effluent to grow
crops
U U1 Those who use the effluent for
landscaping and gardening L L1
Those who

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 Exposure Groups for a Septage
Management System Operator
Symbol Exposure Group Exposure Subcategory
L L1 Those who live in households that use
sludge cakes as earth filler
L2 Those who live adjacent to an SpTP
L3 Those who live adjacent to farms using
effluent
L4 Those who live in households where a
septic tank will be desludged
L5 Those who visit and observe SpTP
operations
L6 Local community along possible
spillage accident area
L7 Local community that could be affected
by contamination of aquifer,
groundwater, and other resources

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 Exposure Groups for a Septage
Management System Operator
Symbol Exposure Group Exposure Subcategory
C C1 Those who consume crops grown
with sludge cakes as soil
conditioner by F1 farmers
C2 Those who consume crops grown
in compost by F2 farmers
C3 Those who consume products
irrigated with effluent by F3
farmers

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 3.2.2. Exposure and Transmission Routes

Transmission routes of
pathogens can be through

external exposure (secondary)

direct contact exposure by consuming products that air, as with inhalation of
(primary) to the contaminated have used contaminated aerosols and contaminated
wastewater wastewater or by vectors such particles.
as mosquitoes and flies.

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 Common Exposure Routes and
Transmission
Exposure and Transmission Route
Ingestion after contact with wastewater and excreta
Ingestion of contaminated groundwater and surface
water
Consumption of contaminated produce (vegetables)
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Description
Transfer of excreta (urine and/or feces) through direct
contact to the mouth from the hands or items in
contact with the mouth, including ingestion of
contaminated soil via contact with hands (e.g.,
farmers or children)
Ingestion of water drawn from a ground or a surface
source, which is contaminated from wastewater or
excreta and sludge, including unintentional ingestion
of recreational waters by swimmers and bathers
Consumption of plants (e.g., lettuce) that have been
grown on land irrigated or fertilized with a sanitation
product
 Common Exposure Routes and
Transmission
Exposure and Transmission Route
Dermal contact with excreta and wastewater
Vector borne by flies and mosquitoes
Inhalation of aerosols and particles
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Description
Infection where a pathogen (e.g., hookworms) enters
through the skin via the feet or other exposed body
part following contact with wastewater, excreta, open
defecation, contents of leaking sanitation
components or during operation (e.g., pit emptying)
Transmission routes include the mechanical transfer
of excreta by flies to a person or food items, and bites
from a mosquito or other biting insect, which could
be carrying a disease
The inhalation of micro droplets of water and
particles (which may not be noticeable) emanating or
resulting from a sanitation technology, which may
carry a pathogen dose
3.3 Identify and Assess Existing Control Measures

• CONTROL MEASURES
• HAZARDS

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 Common Exposure and Transmission Route

Ingestion after contact with wastewater and excreta

Ingestion of contaminated groundwater and surface water

Consumption of contaminated produce (vegetables)

Dermal contact with excreta and wastewater

Vector borne by flies and mosquitoes

Inhalation of aerosols and particles

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3.4. ASSESS AND PRIORITIZE THE EXPOSURE RISK

•Descriptive Risk Assessment

•Semiquantitative Risk Assessment

Marco
 World Health Organization-Suggested Risk Category and Priority Descriptions

Priority Description
High It is possible that the event results in injuries, acute and/or
chronic illness, or loss of life. Actions need to be taken to
minimize the risk.

Moderate It is possible that the event results in moderate health

effects (e.g., fever, headache, diarrhea, small injuries) or
unease (e.g., noise, malodors). Once the high-priority
risks are controlled, actions need to be taken to minimize
the risk.

Low No health effects anticipated. No action is needed at this

time. The risk should be revisited in the future as part of
the review process.

Unknown Further data are needed to categorize the risk. Some

action should be taken to reduce risk while more data are
gathered.

Marco
 World Health Organization-Suggested Risk Category and Priority Descriptions

Priority Description
High It is possible that the event results in injuries, acute and/or
chronic illness, or loss of life. Actions need to be taken to
minimize the risk.

Moderate It is possible that the event results in moderate health

effects (e.g., fever, headache, diarrhea, small injuries) or
unease (e.g., noise, malodors). Once the high-priority
risks are controlled, actions need to be taken to minimize
the risk.

Low No health effects anticipated. No action is needed at this

time. The risk should be revisited in the future as part of
the review process.

Unknown Further data are needed to categorize the risk. Some

action should be taken to reduce risk while more data are
gathered.

Marco
STEP 4: DEVELOP AND
IMPLEMENT AN INCREMENTAL
IMPROVEMENT PLAN
❶ Identify new and/or Improved Control
Measures
❷ Develop an Incremental Improvement
Plan

Marco
4.1. IDENTIFY NEW AND/OR IMPROVED CONTROL MEASURES

• NEW CONTROL MEASURES

Marco
The SSP team should take the following into account when
evaluating different control measures (WHO 2015, p. 59):

The potential for improving existing control(s)

Cost of the control option relative to its likely effectiveness

Most appropriate location in the sanitation chain to control the risk

Technical effectiveness of proposed new control options

Acceptability and reliability of the control in relation to local cultural and

behavioural practices
Responsibility for implementing, managing, and monitoring the proposed
controls
Training, communication, consultaion, and reporting needed to implement
the proposed control measure

Marco
❷Develop an Incremental Improvement Plan

S TE P - B Y- S TE P P RO CE S S TO DE V E LO P A P L A N

❶Agency or person responsible for every action.

❷ Cost of control measures

❸When to be implemented

The SSP team should monitor and record the implementation

status
Garcia
Excerpts from the Sanitation Safety Planning Improvement Plan for
M a y n i l a d W a t e r S e r v i c e s , I n c . – Ve t e r a n s W a t e r R e c l a m a t i o n F a c i l i t y

No Hazardous Exposure Event Improvement Actions Priority Responsible Estimated Status

Agency/Person Cost
5 Exposure to raw Household owners High WMD Procured
sewage due to advised to keep Personnel
overflow of SMH distance from the
caused by damaged sewer line; traffic
sewer line cones to be used.

11 Exposure to raw Provide high High Logistics Procured

sewage due to quality PPE to
overflow of SMH protect personnel
caused by high from direct
rainfall (pathogen). contact with raw
sewage.

Garcia
STEP 5: MONITOR CONTROL
MEASURES AND VERIFY
PERFORMANCE
❶ Define and Implement Operational Monitoring
❷ Verify System Performance
❸ Audit the System

Garcia
❶Define and Implement Operational Monitoring

O P E R AT I O N M O N I T O R I N G
Routine monitoring of parameters that can be measured
quickly through rapid testing or simple observations and
measures.

Provides real-time feedback on whether the system is working

properly; and if not, enumerates the necessary corrections
that must be undertaken as quickly as possible.

Garcia
 ❶Define and Implement Operational Monitoring

❶ Parameter
A S P E C T S T H AT
SHOULD BE
❷ Method of Monitoring
IDENTIFIED FOR
❸ Frequency of Monitoring EACH
❹ Who will MONITORING
monitor
❺ Critical Limit POINT

Garcia
O p e r a t i o n a l M o n i t o r i n g P l a n o f M a y n i l a d Wa t e r S e r v i c e s , I n c . , f o r
M o n i t o r i n g O p e r a t i o n a l P r o c e d u r e o n C o l l e c t i o n , Tr a n s p o r t , Tr e a t m e n t
of Raw Septage and Sewage, and Disposal of End Products/By-Products

Operational Limit Operational Monitoring Control Measure

100% Compliance What? How? Where? Who?

with Operational - Practice - Observation On Site - On-site PCO
Procedures, Work - Procedure - Inspection and; - On-site Safety Officer
and Instructions - Review of submitted - Desludging Officer
accomplishment report - Plant Head/Supervisor

Operational Limit Corrective Action

100% Compliance What? Who? When?
with Operational - Verbal reminder - On-site PCO Within 1-3 days
Procedures, Work - Issuance of System - On-site Safety Officer
and Instructions
Improvement Request form - Plant Head/Supervisor

Garcia
❷ Verify System Performance

V E R I F I C AT I O N M O N I T O R I N G
P u r p o s e : to determine the compliance of the system design parameters
and/or whether the system complies with the specified requirements.

Focus: end-points of the system such as effluent quality, microbial and chemical
testing of produce and soil, and the health of exposed groups.

Garcia
 S a n i t a r y S a f e t y P l a n n i n g Ve r i f i c a t i o n
Monitoring Plan for a Septage Facility

Sanitation Step Verification Monitoring Plan

- Septage What Limit When Who Method of Monitoring

Collection Workers No sanitation- Ye a r l y BWD Checking of
- Septage health related (Baliwag Medical Report
Tr eatment status illnesses/disea Water
ses District)

Garcia
❸ Verify System Performance

AUDIT THE SYSTEM

- This ensures that the SSP is still having a positive outcome by:
(1) checking the quality
(2) checking the effectiveness of the SSP process.

- It checks and evaluates whether the activities enumerated during the SSP are being carried
out in practice and records, are kept where required.

- Types of auditors to do the assessment:

(1) Internal
(2) Regulatory
(3) Independent

Garcia
STEP 6: DEVELOP SUPPORTING
PROGRAMS AND REVIEW PLANS

❶
Develop Supporting Programs and Implement Management Procedures

❷Review and Update Sanitation Safety Planning Outputs

Garcia
6.1.1 Supporting Programs

- Supporting programs reinforce SSP indirectly and

are necessary for the proper operation of the
control measures. A key aspect is communication
of health issues with the stakeholders.

Garcia
 M a y n i l a d Wa t e r S e r v i c e s , I n c . S a n i t a t i o n S a f e t y P l a n n i n g
Supporting Programs
SSP Supporting Program Group Responsible
Conduct of health forum for the employees on proper Health Management Department (HR division)
hygiene
Yearly evaluation and accreditation of service Pocurement Department (Logistics Division)
providers (for treatment of biosolids)
Review of exisiting environment, safety, and health – Corporate QESH Division
related operational procedures and work instructions
Training on emergency response, hazardous waste Environmental Management Department, Safety
handling, and chemical handling Department (Corporate QESH Division)
Annual review of the sanitation and sewerage system Wastewater Management Division

HR = human resources;
Q E S H = q u a l i t y, e n v i r o n m e n t , s a f e t y, a n d h e a l t h ;
SSP = sanitation safety planning.

Source: Maynilad Water Services, Inc.

Garcia
Excerpts from Baliwag Water District Sanitation Safety Planning
Supporting Programs
SSP Supporting Programs
Formulation and implementations of quality management system
Semiannual internal quality audit
Annual external audit by the Department of Health
Annual revisit/review of the sanitation system
Public information, education, and communication (health and environmental risks from using
reclaimed water, sludges as soil conditioner, and biosolids from vermicomposting)
Training programs on emergency response; hazardous waste and chemical handling seminar
Training for microbial analysis
Survey of farmers’ health status
Conduct of quarterly assembly meetings of the SSP team
Coordination with the Department of Agriculture regarding research to determine the maximum
permissible limits for various soil and grass contaminants gound in green spaces and agricultural areas,
particularly heat-resistant coliforms and parasites.
SSP = Sanitation Safety Planning
Source: Baliwag Water District

Garcia
6.1.2 Management Procedures

• Management procedures are written instructions and have two parts:

– Describe the steps or actions to be taken during normal operating
conditions.
– Corrective actions when operational monitoring parameters reach or
breach operational limits.
These are often called standard operating procedures (SOPs). Emergency
management procedures can also be developed.

WONG, LANCE EDWARD A.

6.1.2 Management Procedures

• All systems are required to have instructions on how to

operate the system.

• If operational and emergency protocols are already in

place but have no formal supporting document, then the
SSP team is incharge of the development manuals for
management of the sanitation system.

WONG, LANCE EDWARD A.

6.2 Review And Update Sanitation Safety Planning Outputs

• The SSP team should review the SSP outputs regularly and systematically.
Reviews should take into account any improvements made, changes in
operating conditions, and any new evidence of health risks relating to the
sanitation systems.

• The SSP should also be assessed under the following special circumstances:
 After an incident, emergency, or near accident
 After improvements or significant change in the system
 After an audit or evaluation to incorporate its findings and
recommendations.
WONG, LANCE EDWARD A.
Recommendations

• More frequent auditing

• More funding for research and development
• Better implementation of the rules and regulations

WONG, LANCE EDWARD A.

 This guide
is based on 2006 WHO Guidelines for Safe Use of
Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater;
the 2015 WHO SSP manual; and

following The SSP documents of the pilot utilities, BWD

and MWSI.

reference
documents
: