Intelligence Review

POLICE
INTELLIGEN
CE
“ It takes two to
know the truth, one
will talk and the
other is to hear.”
Anonymous
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF
INTELLIGENCE
EARLIEST SOURCES OF
INTELLIGENCE (Super Natural
Intervention)
1. Prophets
2. Seers
3. Oracles
4. Soothsayers
5. Astrologers
SUN TZU, a Chinese Philosopher,
rejecting the oracles and the seers,
takes a more practical view for
according to him, what is called
foreknowledge cannot be elicited
from spirits, nor from gods, nor
from analogy with past events,
nor from calculations.
He wrote, it must be obtained
from men who knew the enemy
situation. Sun Tzu's book entitled
“Ping Fa” which means “THE
PRINCIPLE OF WAR” or “THE
ART OF WAR” is the favorite
readings of the late Mao Tse Tung
and is required reading materials for
Chinese Communist Tacticians.
THE ART OF WAR
If you know the enemy and know
yourself, you need not fear the
result of a hundred battles. If you
know yourself but not the enemy,
for every victory gained you will
also suffer a defeat. If you know
neither the enemy nor yourself, you
will succumb in every battle.
SUN TZU
4/24/20 05:16:00 AM POLICE INTELLIGENCE 7
EARLY
INTELLIGENCE
PERSONALITIES
BIBLICAL
BEGINNINGS
MOSES
Moses sent twelve
intelligence agents to
spy out the land of
Canaan for 40 days
and 40 nights. No
attack was made.

Joshua
One of the surviving spies
sent by Moses to spy on
Canaan; he successfully
invaded Jericho after sending
two spies to Jericho.
RAHAB
The Harlot of Jericho
who sheltered and
concealed the agents
of Israel (the 2 spies
sent by Joshua);
provided information to
the 2 spies regarding
the attitude of the
people of Jericho.
Delilah
She was an
impromptu intelligence
agent of the Philistines.
She allowed Philistine
spies to hide in her
house and used her
feminity to gain
intelligence from a
powerful enemy.
OTHER GREAT
MEN WHO USED
INTELLIGENCE IN
HISTORY
1. Sun Tzu
“Foreknowledge
must be obtained
from men who new
the enemy situation.”
“To be forewarned
is to be forearmed”

2. ALEXANDER THE GREAT
He devised the
first letter sorting
and opening to
obtain information.
He was considered as the

Father of Censorship.
ALEXANDER THE GREAT
Introduced a form of
“Cabinet Noir” (Internal
Monitoring) when he instigated
postal censorship into the army
and investigated letters and
malcontents.

4. SERTORIOUS
The possessor of
the white fawn (young
deer) that tried to
follow polynaeus
everywhere. The
fawn was used as an
intelligence agent.
4. CRESSUS OF ROME
(MARCUS LUCINOS)
He employed slaves
and freeman (fire
brigade) to be utilized
as intelligence
operatives while not
objectively looking for
fires.
5. AKBAR (Emperor of India)
The “Great Mogul” and
sagacious master of
Hindustan
He employed more than
4,000 agents for the sole
purpose of bringing them
the truth that his throne
might rest upon it.
6. GENGHIS KHAN
A Mongolian
conqueror who used
intelligence to
conquer China and
invade Cathay.
6. FREDERICK THE GREAT
The father of
organized
military espionage.
7. HANNIBAL BARCA
(The Thunderbolt)
Hannibal’s invasion
of Italy , the most
brilliant and futile raid
in history gained him
many victories and
nearly bled Rome to
death.
He is considered as one of
the most brilliant military
strategists in history.
he usually roam around the
City of Rome often disguise as
a beggar to gather firsthand
information.
8. KARL SCHULMEISTER
Napoleon's military
secret service and
Napoleon's eyes.
He acted as the spy
sent by Napoleon to study
the characters of the
Austrian Generals.
9. WALSHINGHAM OF ENGLAND
He protected Queen
Elizabeth I from
countless assassins.
His best agents
were English
students residing in
Italy.
10. WILHELM STIEBER
He made two major
contributions to the
sequence of military
intelligence:
1. military censorship
2. organized military
propaganda.
11. ALFRED REDL
One of the most brilliant
intelligence agents, though
he was homosexual.
Chief of the Austro-
Hungarian Secret Service
and at the same time agent
of Russia.
He committed suicide
when he was convicted of
Treason.
12. WILLIAM DONOVAN
The organizer of the OSS
and builder of the Central
Intelligence System.
CIS, considered as
forerunner of the CIA.
13. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
Believes that
‘One spy in the
right place is
worth 20,000
men in the field.
14. JOSEPH FOUCHE (France)
Known as the father of
modern political
espionage.
become the most feared
and respected intelligence
director in French history.
founded the modern system of
spying on spies, which later known as
counter espionage.
15. MATA HARI
Possibly one of the most
famous spies of all time, Mata
Hari was an exotic dancer and
high class prostitute in Paris
who spied for Germany during
WW1.
The Dutch-born Margaretha
Geertruida Zelle began her
spying career after working as
a courtesan to high-ranking
military men and politicians.
Codenamed H-21.
arrested in a Paris
hotel room on Feb. 13,
1917.
She was executed by
Firing Squad on
September 15, 1917
for espionage.

16. The Rosenbergs, Soviet
Union Spies
Married couple
Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg were
American Communists
who were executed in
1953 for passing
nuclear secrets to the
Soviet Union.
17. Juan Pujol Garcia
“Garbo”
He is the daddy to all
spies.
The only person in
history to receive the
highest civil military
awards from both the
Nazis and British.

Chia Lin (Chinese Strategist)
“ An army without spies is
like a man without no ears
and eyes ”
Post Evaluation

The Great leader of the
Israelites who utilized
intelligence by sending spies to
the land of Canaan.
a. Moses
b. David
c. Delilah
d. Rehab

The Chinese Philosopher and author of the
book “The Art of War”, who made emphasis
on the importance of knowing one’s self and
enemy in order to obtain victory in battle and
regarded as the “Father of Military Strategy”.
a. Confucius
b. Fu Tzu
c. Lao Tzu
d. Sun Tzu

The first director of the FBI who
took charge of the responsibility of
counter intelligence during world
war II.
a. Joseph Petrosino
b. John Edgar Hoover
c. Sir Robert Peel
d. George Washington

The one who introduced a tremendous
breakthrough in military intelligence by
utilizing espionage and dividing his spies into
four classes namely: common spies, double
spies, spies of consequence and forced spies,
earning him the title “father of organized
military espionage”
a. Frederick Taylor
b. Frederick the Great
c. Alexander the Great
d. Julius Ceasar
The great Roman leader who organized
a staff of legion named as “speculators”
that served as an information-collecting
agency, and the first intelligence body to
appear in military organization was
a. Frederick the Great
b. Alexander the Great
c. Julius Caesar
d. Hannibal
The great spy of Napoleon
Bonaparte who was also dubbed as
“Napoleon’s eye”, who had a very
great contribution on Napoleon’s
victory in battle was
a. Karl Schulmeister
b. Wilhelm Stieber
c. Alfred Redl
d. None of them
Who was the one who made
popular the modern system of
spying on the spies?
a. alexander the great
b. Joseph Fouche
c. Alfred Redl
d. Hannibal

The Macedonian General who first
popularized the technique of letter
sorting in order to discover
malcontents.
a. Julius Caesar
b. Genghis Khan
c. Alexander the Great
d. Napoleon Bonaparte

Ironically, she is one of the best
known spies in history, yet she
was one of the worst.
a. Delilah
b. De Lima
c. Mata Hari
d. Rahab

From the word “ninjitsu” the art of making
oneself invisible. They were drawn from
the physical and social cream of samurai
youth and reputed to be able to walk on
water to obtain intelligence while invisible
and to appear and disappear at will.
a. The samurai
b. The Buddha
c. The Ninja
d. The Bushido
Some
Intelligence
Units
(Communities)
Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA)
Military intelligence agency of
USA and engaged in many
undercover activities
throughout the world.

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
AGENCY
CIA was created under
the US National Security
Act of 1947 under the
National Security Council
with Rear Admiral
Roscoe as first
Director.
4/24/20 05:16:01 AM POLICE INTELLIGENCE

KGB/FSB
Committee for State Security/Komitet

Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (KGB)
The thwarted coup d'état ended
the KGB on 6 November 1991.
The KGB's successors are the
secret police agency FSB
(Federal Security Service of the
Russian Federation) and the
espionage agency SVR (Foreign
Intelligence Service).

Col. Rudolph Abel (Russian)
was probably the highest
ranking and most successful
spy whoever infiltrated the
United States.

MOSSAD (April 1951)
Israel's principal agency for
intelligence collection,
counterterrorism, and covert
action.
Institute for Intelligence and
Special Tasks, best known as
Mossad, an abbreviation of its
Hebrew name, ha-Mossad le-
Modiin ule-Tafkidim
Meyuhadim.
GREAT BRITAIN
MI-6 a.k.a. the Secret

Intelligence Service (SIS) is
analogous to CIA
MI-5 (Military Intelligence,
Section 5) – devoted to
counterespionage and
security.
- equivalent to U.S. FBI.

5. Secret de Documentation
Exterieure et Contre-
Espionage (SDECE) - France.
6. Social Affairs Department

(SAD) - China.

7. Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI)
its primary role is counter
intelligence limited to internal
security within the USA.

Mathew Cevetic
a famous undercover agent of
FBI infiltrated the communist
party.

9. The National Intelligence
Coordinating Agency (NICA)
(Pambansang Sangay para
sa Pagsasamang Kaalaman)
(PSPK) is the primary
intelligence gathering and
analysis arm of the Phil.
government.
Its motto is: Kaalaman ay
Kaligtasan (translated:
"Intelligence is Security")
Nature of
intelligence

DEFINITIONS OF
INTELLIGENCE

Etymology
The term intelligence was
derived from the Latin word
intellegentia which literally
means discerning or
appreciative (Harper, D., 2001-
2019)
“ Intelligence is
the ability to learn
and understand
from experience”
Webster
“ Intelligence is
the gathering of
secret information
for military or
police purposes”
Webster
POLICE
INTELLIGENCE
POLICE INTELLIGENCE
The end product resulting from
the collection, evaluation,
analysis, integration, and
interpretation of all available
information regarding the
activities of criminal and other
law violators.
For the Purpose of:
1. effecting their arrest
2. obtaining of evidence and
forestalling their plans to
commit crime.
POLICE INTELLIGENCE
As a process, intelligence is
an activity which treats
processed information as a
basis for police department
policies.

THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
This refers to
government and other
public agencies as well as
private agencies that
gather, assemble, and
report information that
pertains to world or
national security.
INFORMATION
Raw data or unevaluated
materials of every description
including those derived from
observation, reports, rumors,
imagery, and other sources
from which intelligence is
produced.
INTELLIGENCE
INFORMATION
Any information gathered
or received which is of
intelligence interest.
Two General
Classifications of
Sources of
Information:

1. Open Sources (Overt
Source) – 99% of the
information collected are
coming from open sources.
2. Close Sources
(Covert/Close Source) – 1% of
information from close source.

OPEN-SOURCE
INTELLIGENCE (OSINT)
a form of intelligence collection
management that involves finding,
selecting, and acquiring information
from publicly available sources
and analysing it to produce
actionable intelligence.

HUMAN INTELLIGENCE
(HUMINT)
Intelligence derived from information
collected and provided by human
sources.
Typical HUMINT activities consist of
interrogations and conversations with
persons having access to pertinent
information.

IMAGERY INTELLIGENCE
(IMINT)
intelligence gathering
discipline which collects
information via satellite and
aerial photography.

SIGNAL INTELLIGENCE
(SIGINT)
Intelligence gathering by interception
of signals, whether between people
("communications intelligence“
COMINT), whether involving electronic
signals not directly used in
communication ("electronic
intelligence"—ELINT), or
combinations.
COMMUNICATIONS
INTELLIGENCE (COMINT)
is a sub-category of signals
intelligence that engages in
dealing with messages or voice
information derived from the
interception of foreign
communications.
FOUR I’S of
INTELLIGENCE
1. Interest (needs, target,
agenda…)
2. Integrity (truthfulness,
honesty)
3. Ingenuity (how useful)
4. Intelligence Information
PRINCIPLES OF
INTELLIGENCE

1. The Principle of Objectivity
(thoroughly and carefully
planned)
In intelligence, only the well-
guided succeed.
there should be unity
between knowledge and
action.
2. The Principle of
Interdependence
Intelligence is subdivided into
component elements to insure
complete coverage, eliminate
duplication and to reduce the
overall task to manageable
size.
3. The Principle of Continuity
It is necessary that coverage be
continuous so that the shape of
what happens today could be
studied in the light of what
happened before, which in turn
would enable us to predict the
shape of things to come.

4. The Principle of
Communication
Intelligence must be
communicated to all the
decision-makers in manner that
they will understand and from
that will permit its most
effective use.
5. The Principle of
Usefulness
Intelligence is useless if it
remains in the minds, or in the
files of its collectors or its
producers.
The story must be told and it
must be told well.
6. The Principle of Flexibility
(ability to adapt to new situation)
intelligence must have the

ability to change or be changed
according to circumstances.
Hence, alternatives must be
drawn.
7. The Principle of Selection
(fits the needs of the
commander)
In intelligence, it should be
essential and pertinent to the
purpose at hand.

8. The Principle of Timeliness
Intelligence must be
communicated to the decision
maker at the appropriate time
to permit its most effective use.

9. The Principle of Security
(requires constant security
measures)
Security is achieved by the
measures which intelligence
takes to protect and preserve
the integrity of its activities.

BROAD CATEGORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
MILITARY
INTELLIGENCE
NATIONAL
INTELLIGENCE
DEPARTMENTAL
INTELLIGENCE
POLICE INTELLIGENCE

WHAT IS MILITARY INTELLIGENCE?
the use of processed

information in formulating
military plans, programs and
policies.

WHAT IS DEPARTMENTAL
INTELLIGENCE?
knowledge required by an
agency or department of the
government in order to execute
its mission and discharge its
responsibilities.

WHAT IS NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE?
knowledge formed from the

integration of the intelligence
developed by all the government
departments which provide the
valuable inputs or the formulation of
national policy and the promotion and
enhancement of national security.
WHAT IS POLICE INTELLIGENCE?
output or end product
resulting from the collection,
evaluation, analysis, integration
and interpretation of all
available facts which concerns
the activities of criminal
elements and its activities
significant to police planning
and operation.
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF
POLICE INTELLIGENCE
POLICE INTELLIGENCE
STRATEGIC COUNTER
LINE INTEL
INTEL INTEL

STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE
Knowledge pertaining to
capabilities, vulnerabilities
which is open to a nation.
Long-range in nature.
Has no immediate value

COMPONENTS:
“PETSBAGS” – Political,
Economic, Transportation and
Telecommunication, Scientific
and Technical, Biographical,
Armed Forces, Geographical,
Sociological
LINE/COMBAT INTELLIGENCE
Use in planning and operations.
The type which is of an immediate
nature. (Offensive)
P - People/Population
W - Weather
E - Enemy
T - Terrain
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
Geared towards protection of
the organization against
espionage, sabotage and
subversion. (Defensive effort)
Also known as negative
intelligence.

Espionage
Refers to the collection of
secret information that a
government organization does
not want any outsiders to know.
Sabotage
It is an action agent material,
premises or utilization to their
production which interferes with
or absolutely the national
security to prepare for or carry
on a war.
Subversion
A systematic attempt to
overthrow a government or
political system by persons
working secretly from within.
Two (2) General
Types of Counter
Intelligence
1. Passive Measures
those measures which seek
to conceal information from
the enemy. (e.g. secrecy
discipline, communication
security, concealment and
camouflage)
2. Active Measures
those measures which seek to
block the enemies’ effort to gain
information or engage in
espionage, subversion and
sabotage such as detection,
prevention, and neutralization.
FUNCTIONAL
CLASSIFICATION
OF POLICE
INTELLIGENCE

1. Criminal Intelligence
(CRIMINT)
production of intelligence
essential to the prevention of
crimes, and the investigation,
arrest and prosecution of
criminal offenders.

2. Internal Security
Intelligence (INSINT)
knowledge essential to the
maintenance of peace and
order.

3. Public Safety Intelligence
(PUSINT)
knowledge essential to
ensuring the protection of lives
and properties.

Difference
between
 Military Intelligence
 POLICE Intelligence
Major Use of Police
Intelligence
 Preventative ( Anti Criminality )
 Offensive Arm ( Organized Crime )
 Increased Accuracy (Operations )
 Protective ( National Security)
 Basis of Actions ( Administrative
Management, Planning, Decision
Making )
Principles of Military Intelligence
Intelligence operations is
interdependent on tactical
operations
Multiplier of combat power
Timely
Permit flexibility in procedures
Requires imagination and
foresight
Constant security measure is
a requirement
Security measures must not
hinder dissemination of
information or intelligence to
those in need
Principles of Police Intelligence
Intelligence operations is
interdependent on tactical
operations
Useful
Timely
Permit flexibility in
procedures
 Requires imagination and
foresight
 Constant security measure
is a requirement

The intelligence cycle

DIRECTING
DISSEMINATION COLLECTING
& USE MISSION
PROCESSING

Intelligence Cycle
It is a repetitive process used

to produce intelligence from
information.

FOUR PHASES OF THE
INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

1. Planning & Direction
involves determination of
intelligence requirements,
priorities, selection of
intelligence agency and
means of supervision.

2. Collection of Information
involves the systematic
exploitation of sources of
information by collection agency
and the delivery of information to
proper intelligence unit.

3. Processing
The phase where information
becomes intelligence.
It involves recording,
evaluation and interpretation of
information.

4. Dissemination
the timely conveyance of
information by any suitable
means to those who needs it.

PHASE 1- PLANNING & DIRECTION
1. Determination of Intelligence
Requirements.
2. Determination of the Essential
Elements of information (EEI).
3. Establishment of Priorities (P.I.R’s)
an item of intelligence or information of
the characteristics of the area of
operations and the enemy, which the
commander feels needed before he can
reasonably arrive at a decision.
PHASE 2 - COLLECTION
1. Criteria of Collecting
Agencies/Units
Capability, Suitability and

Multiplicity

2. Two Basic Collection
Strategies:
Resource Integration - one

agent
Agent Mixed Redundancy - 3
or more agents assessing for
the same assignment
3. Who are Task to Collect
Information?
 Intelligence officers
 Civilian Agents-informers
and informants

TRADE CRAFTS USED
IN THE COLLECTION
of INTELLIGENCE
INFORMATION

SURVEILLANCE
ELICITATION
INTERVIEW/INTERROG
ATION
PERSONNEL SECURITY
INVESTIGATION
TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT-
TAPPING AND BUGGING
PHOTOGRAPHY
USE OF AN ARTIST
SURREPTITIOUS
ENTRY
COMMUNICATION

PHASE 3 - PROCESSING
1. Recording
reduction into writing or
graphical representation and
arrange into groups of related
items.

2. Evaluation
determination of the
pertinence, reliability of the
source and accuracy of the
information; or examination of
raw information to determine
intelligence value.

3. Interpretation – establishing
the meaning and significance of
the information. It involves:
a. Analysis - done by shifting
and isolating those elements
that have significance.

b. Integration - it is the
combination of the elements
stated in assessment
c. Deduction – conclusions
from the theory developed,
tested and considered valid

THE EVALUATION GUIDE
Reliability Accuracy Description of Source
A – Completely Reliable 1 – Confirmed by S – Signal Intercepts
Other sources
B – Usually Reliable 2 – Probably True T – Direct Observation by

Unit Commander
C - Fairly Reliable 3 – Possibly True U – Penetration Agent/

Resident Agent
D – Not Usually Reliable 4 – Doubtfully True V – Troops Involved in

Encounter/Operation
E – Unreliable 5 – Improbable W – Interrogation of Captured

Enemy
F – Reliability Cannot be 6 – Truth Cannot X – Government/

Judged Civilian Employee
Y – Member of the Populace
Z – Documentary
4/24/20 05:16:02 AM 135

PHASE 4 - DISSEMINATION & USE
1. Timeliness – reach the user on

time to be useful.
2. Propriety – right user like national
leaders or commanders
3. Security – proper security
measures for classified matters.

Post Evaluation

This is a principle in intelligence which is
based on the idea that only the well guided
succeeds. It entails that there must be a
unity between knowledge and action and
that action or decision is planned by
knowledge and guided by it at every step
a. Principle of objectivity
b. Principle of interdependence
c. Principle of continuity
d. Principle of usefulness

The intelligence principle which states
that intelligence is artificially subdivided
into component elements to insure
complete coverage, eliminate duplication
and reduce the overall task to
manageable sizes.
a. Principle of interdependence
b. Principle of communication
c. Principle of selection
d. Principle of security
The principle of intelligence which
denotes picking of the most promising
information from a multitude of leads to
make intelligence useful, essential and
pertinent to the purpose at hand.
a. Principle of security
b. Principle of timeliness
c. Principle of selection
d. Principle usefulness
The intelligence which is of an
immediate nature and necessary for
more effective planning and
operation
a. Strategic intelligence
b. Line intelligence
c. National intelligence
d. Counter intelligence
The functional classification of
police intelligence which specifically
refers to the knowledge essential in
the maintenance of peace and
order.
a. Criminal intelligence
b. Internal security intelligence
c. Public safety intelligence
d. All of them
The type of intelligence which deals with
the gathering of information regarding
people, weather, enemy and terrain,
which is essential in counter insurgency
operations.
a. Strategic intelligence
b. Line intelligence
c. Counter intelligence
d. Armed forces intelligence

This refer the determination of
the intelligence value of
information.
a. Collection
b. Recording
c. Evaluation
d. Interpretation

Evaluation of information is
intended to determine the following,
except:
a. Pertinence of the information
b. Reliability of the information
c. Credibility of the information
d. Price of the information

An information that is completely
reliable and confirmed by other
sources is evaluated as
a. A1
b. A2
c. B1
d. B2
The act of establishing the
meaning and significance of the
information generally refers to
a. Analysis
b. Integration
c. Deduction
d. Interpretation

Which of the following depicts the correct
sequence of the Intelligence Cycle?
I – Planning
II- Dissemination
III- Collection
IV- Interpretation/Analysis
a. III, I, II, IV
b. I, II, III, IV
c. III, IV, I, II
d. I, III, IV, II

This segment of the intelligence process
deals with what happens when
information is received, processed and
now integrates with current holdings. This
phase is called _____.
A. Data Analysis
B. Data evaluation
C. Data collation
D. Data dissemination

In intelligence, reliability is the
knowledge of the source and
collecting agency while credibility is
the____.
A. Adequacy of information
B. Propriety of information
C. Timeliness of information
D. Truthfulness of the information
Sgt. Juan submitted an intelligence report
evaluated as B-5. What does it mean?
A.Information is usually from a reliable source

and is possibly true.
B.Information is usually from a reliable source
and is probably true.
C.Information is usually from a reliable source
and is improbable.
D.Information is usually form a reliable source
and is doubtfully true.
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POLICE INTELLIGENCE 4/24/20 05:16:02 AM
POLICE
INTELLIGENCE
OPERATION
Intelligence Operations
• It is the result of intelligence
planning.
• Planning is always ahead of
operation although an
operation can be made without
a plan.
MISSION
The focal point of the
intelligence operation
particular task given to a
person or group to carry out
or one which should be
accomplished
QUALITIES OF GOOD INTEL OPERATOR
• At least with average IQ

• Resourceful, with initiative
• With good memory
• Honest and impartial in reporting
• With sense of time (urgency)
• With good judgment, subjective
• Security conscious (secrecy discipline)
• Patience/perseverance
NATURE OF POLICE INTEL OPS
Overt Operations
no precautionary measures to hide
the investigation against the subject.
From open sources like magazines,
libraries, newspapers, radio
broadcasts, internet, books,
investigations, research papers etc..
Covert Operations
without the knowledge of
the subject.
Kept secret from the public
and even from other
members of the intelligence
community.
Infiltration - the insertion
of action agent inside the
target organization
Penetration - recruitment
of action agent inside the
target organization
TRADE CRAFTS USED
IN THE COLLECTION
of INTELLIGENCE
INFORMATION

SURVEILLANCE
ELICITATION
INTERVIEW/INTERROG
ATION
PERSONNEL SECURITY
INVESTIGATION
TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT-
TAPPING AND BUGGING
PHOTOGRAPHY
USE OF AN ARTIST
SURREPTITIOUS
ENTRY
COMMUNICATION

WHAT IS SURVEILLANCE?
A form of clandestine
investigation which consist of
keeping persons, place or other
targets under physical observation
to obtain information pertinent to
the investigation.
 Oldest and easily used by the
police.
TERMINOLOGY
USED IN
SURVEILLANCE
Tailing or Shadowing
 observation of a person’s
movement by following him.
Undercover Man
 person trained to penetrate
organization.

Surveillant – the person who
maintains the surveillance or
performs the observation.
Subject of surveillance – a
person, place or thing being
watched.
Convoy
accomplice or associate of
the subject.
Stakeout
fixed point observation.

Pre- surveillance Conference
a conference held among the
team members, the police
intelligence unit before a
surveillance is conducted.
Safe House
It is a place, building,
enclosed mobile, or an
apartment, where police
undercover men meet his
action agent for debriefing or
reporting purposes.
Drop - a convenient, secure,
and unsuspecting place where a
police asset and handler leaves
a note
Decoy - person almost similar to

the subject used to avoid or
elude surveillance.
Contact - person or subject
picks or deals with while he is
under surveillance.
Made (Burnout) – subject

becomes aware that he is
under observation
Lost
 When the surveillants does
not know the whereabouts of
their subject or the subject
had eluded the surveillants.
Rabbit (Hare)
 A term referring to the
subject of shadowing and
tailing.
Finger man - any individual
who can positively point the
subject.
Put to bed - when the subject

under surveillance returns to
quarter and apparently retirefor
the night.
TYPES OF
SURVEILLANCE

1. According to Intensity and
Sensitivity
a. Discreet
 The subject is unaware that
he/she is under observation.
b. Close
 subject is aware that he is
under observation.

c. Loose
applied frequently or
infrequently.
Period of observation may
vary on each occasion.

2. According to Methods
a. Stationary
 observation of places on a
fixed point position.
b. Moving
 subject is followed from
place to place either on
foot, motorized, aerial and
water.

c. Technical
uses communication and
electronic hardware,
gadgets, systems and
equipment.

METHODS OF
FOOT
SURVEILLANCE

1. ONE MAN-SHADOW - Most difficult
2. LEAPFROG
 Variation of one man method wherein
the route is known. Follow the subject
for a while, cease from tailing and
follow again where the subject usually
passes.
3. GROUP - Two-man, Three-man, Four-
man or more. Contact is constant.
APPEARANCE
OF THE
OPERATIVE

1. Average size, built and
general appearance
2. Have no noticeable
peculiarities
3. No conspicuous jewelry or
clothing
4. Have nothing about him to
attract attention
5. Have perseverance and
able to wait for hours
6. Alert and full of energy

7. Resourceful, versatile and
quick-witted
8. Good actor and talker
9. Good memory

DON’Ts WHILE
CONDUCTING
SURVEILLANCE

1. Do not make abrupt or
unnatural movements.
2. Do not make use of
disguise that will attract
attention.
3. Never stare at the subject.

4. Do not attempt to appear
too innocent when accosted
by the subject.
5. Never speak to another
surveillant unless absolutely
necessary to accomplish the
mission.

6. Don’t court women.
7. Don’t take a woman on an
undercover assignment.
8. Don’t claim to be a “big
shot”.

9. Don’t fail to provide a person
in place who can vouch for
the operative
10. Don’t spend too much
money
11. NO Window shopping
12. DON’T Stop immediately on
blind corners.
13. DON’T Get out immediately
on public conveyances.
14. DON’T Retrace
WHAT IS CASING?
Reconnaissance or surveillance of a
building, place or area to determine
its suitability for intelligence use or its
vulnerability in operations.
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES IN
CASING

1. Know the best route to get there.
2. Know how to conduct yourself
without attracting attention.
3. Know what security hazards are in
the area and how they can be
avoided or minimized.
4. Know the best route how to extricate
the area.
PURPOSE OF CASING
1. Aids planning and operation

2. Instill confidence to
operatives
3. Considered as a security
measures
Types of Casing
1. Surveillance - Surveillance
is continuous while
reconnaissance is
intermittent /alternating.
2. Reconnaissance
gathering a general
information in a wider area and
it requires short time frame.
Reconnaissance has specific
objectives while Surveillance
has general objectives.
METHODS OF CASING
1. Personal Reconnaissance
2. Map Reconnaissance
3. Research
4. Prior Information
5. Hearsay
INFORMATION
DESIRED IN CASING

1. Area Condition - description
of the locality
2. Active Opposition –
organizations whose task is to
prevent intelligence activity in
the area.
3. Disposal plan - disposal of
info in case of possible
compromise.
4. Escape and Evasion – the

exit planning in case of
emergencies, from immediate
focal point, the general area and
completely from the area.
Surreptitious Entry
 The secret entry into an area
for an operational purpose
without leaving any trace of
the break in.
Purposes of
Surreptitious Entry

1. Clandestine Photography
 To photograph documents,
equipment, or objects of
interest.
2. Electronics Surveillance
installing of wiretapping or
bugging devices.
3. Operational Planning
casing for audio-video
surveillance or for confirmation
of information for securing of
search warrant or for conduct
of surveillance.

OBSERVATION &
DESCRIPTION (ODEX)
Observation
a complete and accurate
observation that involves the use of
all the major senses to register and
recognize its operational or
intelligence significance.
Description
the actual and
factual reporting of
one’s observation of
the reported sensory
experience recounted
by another.

WHAT IS ELICITATION?
It is a system of obtaining
information of intelligence value
through the process of direct
intercommunication in which
one or more parties is/are
unaware of the specific purpose
of the conversation.
DEVICES USED IN ELICITATION
1. Approach -
process of setting
people to start talking
2. Probe – keeping
people to talk
incessantly.
The Essence of Procurement
Procurement
as used in intelligence parlance is
the aggressive effort to acquire
certain specific information which
may not be readily available.
 The essence of intelligence is access.
Kinds of Agents
used in
Procurement

1. Agent in Place
An agent who has been
recruited by an intelligence
service with a highly sensitive
target, who is just beginning a
career.
2. Double Agent
 An enemy agent who has
been captured, turned around
and sent back where he
came from as an agent of his
captors.

3. Expendable Agent
An agent through whom false
information is leaked to the
enemy.

4. Penetration agent
 An agent who have such
reached the enemy, gather
information and manage to
get back alive.
5. Agent of Influence
An agent who uses influence
to gain information.

COVER &
UNDERCOVER
OPERATION

Cover
means by which an
individual, group or
organization conceals the true
nature of its activities and
existence from the observer.
Cover story
a biographical account, true
or fictitious, which portray the
personality which an agent
assumed.

Cover support
an agent assigned in target
areas with the primary mission
of supporting the cover story.

WHAT IS UNDERCOVER
ASSIGNMENT?
 an investigative
technique in which an
agent conceals his
official identity in order
to obtain information
from the target
organization.
Types of Undercover
Assignment

1. Dwelling Assignment –
establish residence in or near
the target area.
2. Work Assignment –
observation at the place of
work.
3. Social Assignment – places of
entertainment and amusement
frequented by targets.
4. Multiple Assignments – two or
more assignments covered
simultaneously.
5. Rope Job – strike friendship with
the subject.

TACTICAL INTERROGATION
Interrogation
the vigorous and confrontational
questioning of a suspect about his
participation in a crime.
Purposes:
1.To extract confession or
admission.
2.To extract information from an
unwilling witness possesses.

Related Terms:

Screening
Initial examination of an
interrogee to determine the
extent of his knowledge of
persons, places, things or
events in which we are
interested.

Formal Interrogation
It refers to the systematic
attempt to exploit to an
appropriate depth those areas
of interrogee’s knowledge,
which have been identified in
the screening process.

Debriefing
It is the interrogation of a
friendly interrogee who has
information at the direction of or
under the control of the friendly
intelligence service.

Interview
It is similar to debriefing
although it is less formal and
the interrogee is not
necessarily under the control or
employment of the respective
intelligence service.

Interrogation Report
It is an oral or written
statement of information by the
questioning of an interrogee.

FORMS OF INTERROGATION
1. Direct – The subject is aware
that he is being interrogated,
but he may not learn the true
objectives of the interrogation.
2. Indirect
The subject is not aware that
he is being interrogated.
This is used when time is not
so important.
CLANDESTINE OPERATION
It is a secret action
undertaken by an intelligence
/counter intelligence
organization in behalf of the
government or other friendly
forces.
Classification of Clandestine
Agents
a. Principal Agent or agent

handler - a managerial agent
and in most cases the leader
of the agent network.
b. Action Agent - The doer of
the clandestine task.
c. Espionage (Counter
Intel/Intel agent) - the primary
and most important human
collector agent.

d. Propagandist
undertakes action to mold the
attitudes, opinions and action
of an individual, group or
nation.

e. Saboteur
undertakes positive action
against friendly power resulting
in the loss of use, temporary or
permanent, of an article,
material and facility

f. Guerilla
a member of a paramilitary
group organized to harass the
enemy in a war situation.

g. Strong man/arm
is an agent readily available
to provide special protection
during dangerous phases of
the clandestine operation.

h. Provocateur
an agent who induces an
opponent to act on his own
detriment by discrediting
himself or revealing his true
purpose or identity.

i. Cover action agent
is a fully recruited agent who
is in a senior position usually
within the government and is
enable to exert influence from
foreign government upon the
direction of the sponsor.

j. Support Agent
an agent who engages in
activities which support the
clandestine operation.
This agent performs all types of
auxiliary services at the direction
of the case or project officer.

Sources of Information
Are persons, things or actions from
which information about criminals
and/or subversives, weather and
terrain is derived.
TYPES OF SOURCES OF INFO

1. Records
2. Persons
Persons as
sources
of information

INFORMANT
Any person who gives
information to the police either
voluntary or involuntary
without expectation of
anything in return or without
any compensation.
INFORMERS
 Persons who give
information to the police in
return for a prize, reward or
promise.
TYPES OF INFORMERS
1. Ordinary informer – one
who openly gives information
but expect anything in return,
either money or favor.
2. Confidential informers
one who confidentially
provides information with the
understanding that his identity
will not be revealed and that
he will be compensated with
money or favor.
Informant net
controlled group of people
who together under the
direction of agent handler.

Purposes of Informants
• Gain access to areas and targets
inaccessible to intelligence.
• Provide anonymity to
investigations and operations.
• Increase the scope of area of
operation and target coverage
Types of
Informants

1. Confidential Informant
 one who provides the
investigator with confidential
information about a crime or
about the actual or potential
tendency of an individual or
group to commit a crime.
2. Anonymous Informant
those who provide information

but refuse to divulge their
identity.
3. Rival Elimination Informant
 is usually anonymous and his
purpose is to eliminate rivals
or competitors.
4. False Informant
 reveals information usually of
no consequences or stuff
concocted in thin air.
5. Self - aggrandizing
informant
A person who provides
information to the police
with the sole intention of
being dignified or glorified
by the police.
6. Mercenary Informant
has something to sell. He
may be of value but revenge
motive is present as a profit in
selling the information.

7. Double-Crosser Informant
uses his seeming desire to
give information as an excuse
to talk to the police in order to
get more information from them
than he gives.

8. Legitimate Informant
includes those operators of
licensed premises who do not
want their place of business
to become the hangout of
dangerous criminals.
9. Frightened Informant
may be prodded by fear or self-
interest. He may be the “little man”
who runs to the police when he sees
his confederates are about to be
involved in a dangerous criminal act
and he will be placed in a dangerous
situation.
This type is the weakest link in the
criminal chain.
10. Woman Informant
may be a female associate of any
criminal. She may be able to give
valuable information and is not
suspected by the criminal
boyfriend, but beware female of the
species are more deadly than male
for she can always change her
mind.
Motives of Informants
1. Reward
2. Revenge
3. Patriotism
4. Fear and avoidance of
punishment
5. Friendship/Career
Development
6. Vanity
7. Civic-mindedness
8. Repentance
9. competition

STEPS OF
INFORMANT
RECRUITMENT
1. Selection - it is desirable to
identify and recruit an informant
who has access to many
criminal groups or subversive
organizations.

2. Investigation
The investigation of the
potential informant that was
tentatively identified as a
“probable” must be as
thorough as possible.
If necessary, conduct CBI.
3. Approach - this must be
done in a setting with pleasant
surroundings like a confidential
apartment which is completely
free from any probability of
compromise.
4. Testing - it should begin
with limited assignment, with
gradual integration into more
important areas.
COUNTER
INTELLIGENCE
SECURITY MEASURES
(INTELLIGENCE IN
SECURITY
OPERATIONS)
SECURITY (Intelligence view point)
includes the protection against

unauthorized disclosures of
classified information and the
determination of a person’s
suitability for access to said
information.
THREE TYPES
OF SECURITY
MEASURES
1. PHYSICAL SECURITY
those measures taken to
prevent physical access or
entry to an installation or area
by unauthorized personnel.
FORMS OF PHYSICAL
SECURITY:
1. human barriers
2. animal barriers
3. energy barriers
2. PERSONNEL SECURITY
an inquiry into the character,
reputation, discretion and
loyalty of individual in order to
determine a person’s suitability
to be given security clearance.
Security clearance
Administrative determination
that an individual is eligible for
access to classified matter.
TYPES OF
PERSONNEL
SECURITY
INVESTIGATION
1. National Agency Check (NAC)
This is an investigation of an
individual made upon the basis of
written information supplied by
him in response to official inquiry,
and by reference to appropriate
national agencies.
It is simply a check of the files
and record of national agencies.
2. Local Agency Check (LAC)
This type of investigation
consist of the first type plus
written inquiries sent to
appropriate local government
agencies, former employees,
references and schools listed by
the person under investigation.
3. Background Investigation (BI)
This is more comprehensive
investigation than the NAC and LAC.
A thorough and complete
investigation of all or some of the
circumstances of a person’s life is
conducted.
a. Complete background investigation (CBI)
Consist of the investigation of the

background of an individual,
particularly all the circumstances of
his personal life.
b. Partial Background Investigation
Consist of the investigation of
the background of an individual
but limited only to some of the
circumstances of his personal life
which are deemed pertinent to
the investigation.
DOCUMENT SECURITY
DOCUMENT SECURITY
The aspect of security which
involves the application of
security measures for the
proper protection and
safeguarding of classified
information.
FOUR
CATEGORIES OF
CLASSIFIED
MATTERS
1. TOP SECRET (Green Color Code)
The unauthorized disclosure
of it would cause exceptionally
grave damage to the nation,
politically, economically or
militarily.
TOP SECRET
This category is reserve for
the nation’s closest secrets and
is to be used with great
reserve.
It is covered with legal size
bond paper lined with ½ inch
green border.
2. SECRET (Red Color Code)
If disclosed to unauthorized
person will endanger the national
security and cause injury to the
interest or prestige of the nation or
any governmental activity, or would
be of great danger to a foreign
nation.
SECRET
It is covered with legal size
red border.

3. CONFIDENTIAL (Blue Color Code)
Unauthorized disclosure of
which while not endangering
the national security would be
prejudicial to the interest or
prestige of the nation or any
government activity.
• It is covered with legal size
blue border.

4. RESTRICTED (No Color or White
Color Code)
Information and material,

which requires special
protection other than those
determined to be top secret,
secret or confidential.
RESTRICTED
Requires clearance from the
record or document custodian
before release.
Cover sheet is not necessary,
what is important is a bold
“RESTRICTED”
Security Clearance Certificate
The certification by a
responsible authority that the
person described is cleared
for access to classified matter
at the appropriate level.

Need-to-Know vs.
Compartmentation
Need-to-know
 is the term given to those
persons whose official duty
requires knowledge or
possession thereof.
Compartmentation
is the granting of access to
classified document or
information only to properly
cleared persons.

Re-grading or Declassify
The act of changing the
assigned classification of a
document or material, and as
part of the process, it involves
notification of cognizant
authority.

Classify vs. Upgrading
Classify
is the assigning of an information
or material to one of the four
security classifications after
determining that such information
or material requires security
protection.
Upgrading
is the changing of the
classification of classified
matter to a category higher
than that previously assigned to
it.

POST
EVALUATION
It is the end product resulting
from the processing of
information.
A. Intelligence
B. Intelligence community
C. Information
D. Intelligence information
It is an unprocessed material of every
description including those derived
from observation from observations,
communications, reports, rumors,
imagery, and other sources from which
intelligence is produced.
A. Intelligence
B. Intelligence community
C. information
D. Intelligence information
It involves the observance of security
measures meant to protect police
installations, equipments, and vital
information from sabotage, pilferage,
and unauthorized disclosures.
A. Line intelligence
B. Strategic intelligence
C. Counter intelligence
D. None of these
An intelligence data does not have
immediate operational value but rather
long range that may become relevant
to future police operations.
D. Negative Intelligence
It is the kind of intelligence required
by the commander to provide for
planning and conduct tactical and
administrative operation in counter
insurgency.
D. Negative Intelligence
What form of intelligence is involved
when information is obtained without
the knowledge of the person against
whom the information or documents
may be used, or if the information is
clandestinely acquired?
A. Covert
B. Overt
C. Active
D. Underground
The term used for the object of
surveillance is subject while the
term for the investigator
conducting the surveillance is
A. rabbit
B. surveillant
C. decoy
D. target
When there is an intermittent
observation varying in
occasions, then surveillance is
called
A. loose
B. discreet
C. open
D. close
A form of clandestine investigation
which consist of keeping persons,
place or other targets under
physical observation in order to
obtain evidence or information to
an investigation.
A. Surveillance
B. Roping
C. Casing
D. Undercover
When the subject identifies or
obtains knowledge that the
investigator is conducting
surveillance on him, the latter is
A. cut out
B. sold out
C. burnt out
D. get out
When observation of the
subject or object is not
continuous then it is
A. Loose surveillance
B. tailing
C. Close surveillance
D. Stakeout
The secret observation of a
person, object, or situation is
called
A. Tailing
B. Shadowing
C. Stakeout
D. Surveillance
In elicitation process, the elicitor
accumulates the sources of
knowledge about a particular
subject. This elicitation approach is
called
A.Manhattan from Missouri
B.Teaser bait
C. Joe blow
D. National pride
It is an account consisting of
biographical which when adopted
by an individual will assume the
personality he wants to adopt.
A. cover story
B. cover support
C. organization cover
D. undercover assignment
Who introduced the first system
of Military Cryptography in the
5th century BC?
A. Persians
B. Jews
C. Spartans
D. none of these
It is the summary recording of
one’s specific criminal activities or
the enumeration of personalities
involved in the organization’s
movement activities.
A. Wanted list
B. Order of Battle
C. Subpoena
D. None of the above
A method of collecting information
wherein the investigator merely
uses his different senses.
A. observation
B. research
C. casing
D. interrogation
A method of collection of
information wherein the
investigator tails or follows the
person or vehicle.
A. research
B. casing
C. undercover operation
D. surveillance
A system or plan whereby information
of intelligence value is obtained
through the process of direct
intercommunication in which one or
more of the parties to the
communication is unaware of the
specific purpose of the conversation.
A. Casing C. Surveillance
B. Elicitation D. Surreptitious entry
It is a circumspect inspection of
place to determine its suitability
for a particular operational
purposes.
A. Inspection C. Survey
B. Surveillance D. Casing
An agent through whom false
information is leaked to the
enemy.
A. Agent in place
B. Expandable agent
C. Double agent
D. Penetration agent
A biographical data through
fictitious which will portray the
personality of the agent which is to
assume is better known as _____.
A. Cover
B. Cover support
C. Cover story
D. Undercover
Which of the following is the
most common reason why an
informer gives information to the
police?
A. nationalism
B. monetary reward
C. as a good citizen
D. revenge
In general, a person who gives
information to the police voluntarily,
without any consideration is
properly called _____
A. Agent
B. Informant
C. Agent handler
D. Informer
An informant that is usually
anonymous and his purpose is to
eradicate competitors is properly
called _____.
A. Anonymous
B. Rival Elimination
C. Legitimate
D. Double-crosser
Patrolman Pogi frequents clubs, places
of amusements and entertainment
known to be habitually visited by
subject and subject’s associates. Pogi’s
undercover assignment is called.
A. multiple assignment
B. social assignment
C. work assignment
D. dwelling assignment
Sgt. Guwapo get employed at a
restaurant where he can observe the
activities of the crew who happens to
be subject in his undercover
assignment. Guwapo’s undercover
assignment is called
A. multiple assignment
B. social assignment
C. work assignment
D. dwelling assignment
In the debriefing, the intelligence agent
is asked to discuss which of the
following:
A. His educational profile
B. His personal circumstances such as his
age, religious affiliation, address, etc.
C. His political inclination and/or party
affiliation.
D. His observations and experiences in the
intelligence function
“ Knowledge is
useless in the
wrong hands and
wrong heads at
the wrong time “
Anonymous
THANK YOU AND
GOD BLESS!

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POLICE

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He was considered as the

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Committee for State Security/Komitet

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MI-6 a.k.a. the Secret

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6. Social Affairs Department

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intelligence must have the

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the use of processed

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knowledge formed from the

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It is a repetitive process used

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Capability, Suitability and

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Resource Integration - one