REVIEW:

NM + NM NM + M
REVIEW:
ACTIVITY: Water hold each other

Materials: Peso coin, dropper, water

Procedure: Drop a droplet of water

on a 1-peso coin and count the
number of drops the coin can hold.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF
ATTRACTION

These forces are electrostatic in

nature, involving attractions between
positive and negative species.
Intermolecular force are forces
between molecules that hold
the molecules together.
There are several types
of intermolecular forces:

1. Ion-Ion
2. Ion-Dipole
3. Hydrogen bond (dipole-
dipole)
4. Dipole-Dipole
5. London Dispersion Force
1. Ion-Ion Force
This force between ionic compounds.
1. Ion-Ion Force
This force between ionic compounds.
1. Ion-Ion Force
1. Ion-Ion Force
1. Ion-Ion Force
2. Ion-Dipole Force

An ion-dipole force exists between an

ion and the partial charge on the end
of a polar molecule.
2. Ion-Dipole Force

An ion-dipole force exists between an

ion and the partial charge on the end
of a polar molecule.
2. Ion-Dipole Force

Dipoles are polar compounds.

2. Ion-Dipole Force

Dipoles are polar compounds.

2. Ion-Dipole Force

Dipoles are polar compounds which

have (+) and (-) charge
2. Ion-Dipole Force

Is water polar?

Is water dipole?
2. Ion-Dipole Force

Is water polar?
YES.
Is water dipole?
YES.
2. Ion-Dipole Force
3. Hydrogen bond

There is a special type of dipole-

dipole force called a hydrogen
bond. This occurs when hydrogen
is attached to either a nitrogen,
oxygen, or fluorine atom.
3. Hydrogen bond
3. Hydrogen bond
When this occurs, the
hydrogen has partial positive
charge that is larger than
usual. This higher density of
positive charge allows the
hydrogen to form an even stronger
bond with unpaired electrons on
other dipoles.
3. Hydrogen bond
The strong attractive force
between H2O molecules is the
reason why H2O is a liquid
instead of a gas at room
temperature.
3. Hydrogen bond

NH3 (ammonia) will easily mix with

H2O
3. Hydrogen bond
4. Dipole-Dipole Force
This occurs when the positive
end of one polar molecule is
attracted to the negative
end of another molecule.
4. Dipole-Dipole Force

For example,
hydrogen chloride
(HCI) in gaseous
form is a polar
molecule.
4. Dipole-Dipole Force
The partially positive hydrogen will
be attracted to the partially negative
chlorine atom of another
molecule.
5. London Dispersion Force

What kind of interparticle forces can

exist between nonpolar atoms or
molecules?

Clearly, there can be no dipole-dipole

forces when theparticles are
nonpolar.
5. London Dispersion Force

Yet the fact that nonpolar gases can

be liquefied tells us that there must
be some kind of attractive
interactions between the particles.
5. London Dispersion Force

The origin of this

attraction was first
proposed in 1930
by Fritz London, a
German-American
physicist.
5. London Dispersion Force

London recognized that the motion of

electrons in an atom or molecule
can create an instantaneous dipole
moment.
 5. London Dispersion Force

dispersion forces tend to increase in strength with

increasing molecular weight
Properties of Liquid
and
Intermolecular
Forces
Fluid
A gas or a liquid; a substance that can flow.
Surface Tension
The measure of the elastic force in the
surface of a liquid.
Surface Tension
Capillary action
The tendency of a liquid to rise in narrow tubes or
to be drawn into small openings.
Viscosity
A measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
Vapo
r
A gaseous substance that exist naturally as a
liquid or solid at normal temperature
Vaporization
The change of phase from liquid to vapor (gaseous phase).
Vaporization
There are two types of vaporization: evaporation
and boiling.
Vapor pressure
The equilibrium pressure of a vapor above its liquid; that is,
the pressure exerted by the vapor above the surface of the
liquid in a closed container.
Vapor pressure
The equilibrium pressure of a vapor above its liquid; that is,
the pressure exerted by the vapor above the surface of the
liquid in a closed container.
Vapor pressure
Boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid boils. The boiling
point of a liquid when the external pressure is 1 atm
is called the normal boiling point.
Molar heat of vaporization (ΔHvap)
The energy (usually in kilojoules) required to vaporize 1
mole of a liquid at a given temperature.
For next meeting’s Laboratory
Activity, bring the ff:

As a class
1 white flower(rose, carnation, dahlia
or daisy)
- cooking oil (≈750 ml.)
- honey (≈750 ml.)
- dish soap(≈750 ml.)
- ketchup(≈750 ml.)
For next meeting’s Laboratory
Activity, bring the ff:

As a group
1. Old news papers
2. Masking tape (50mm)
3. toilet tissue paper
4. Ethyl alcohol
5. Acetone
6. 3 different food colors
7. Used Water bottle
For next meeting’s Laboratory
Activity, bring the ff:

As an individual:
1. Lab sheet (to be uploaded)
2. Lab gown
3. Close shoes
4. Safety lab goggles
5. Gloves
6. Mask