SUBATOMI

C
PARTICLES
 PROTON
 ELECTRON
 NEUTRON

SHIELA MARIE B. SIBAYAN

Teacher I
Learning Objectives:

 Describe the subatomic particles

 Identify the number of protons,

electrons, neutrons, mass number
and atomic number in given
isotope

 Define isotopes
 What are atoms
made of?

ELECTRONS

-tiny, very light particles

-have a negative electrical charge (-)
-move around the outside of the
nucleus
 -

+
++
-

- ELECTRONS
 What are atoms
made of?

PROTONS

-much larger and heavier than electrons

-protons have a positive charge (+)
-located in the nucleus of the atom 
 -

+ PROTONS
++
-

- ELECTRONS
 What are atoms
made of?

NEUTRONS

-large and heavy like protons

-neutrons have no electrical charge
-located in the nucleus of the atom 
 -

+ PROTONS
++
- NEUTRONS

- ELECTRONS
 Atomic Number
and Mass Number
All atoms can be identified by the number of
protons and neutrons they contain.

Atomic Number

The atomic number (Z) determine the identity

of an element.
It is the number of protons in the nucleus
Atoms are neutral, so it’s also the number of
electrons.
 Therefore,

Atomic No. of No. of

= =
Number Protons Electrons

Z p +
e -
 A
Z X Elemental
symbol

Atomic number
(number of protons
and number of
electrons)
EXAMPLE 1:
??
46Pd
46
Atomic Number:______
46
No. of Protons:_______
46
No. of Electrons:_______
 Atomic Number
and Mass Number

Mass Number

The mass number (A) is the total number of

protons and neutrons.

Protons and neutrons are collectively

referred to as nucleons.
 Mass number
(number of protons
+ neutrons)

A
Z X Elemental
symbol

Atomic number
(number of protons
and number of
Mass number
(7)

7
3 Li Element
(Lithium)
Atomic number
(3)
 Therefore,

No. of No. of Mass

+ =
Protons Neutrons number

p +
+ n 0 = A
 Rewriting the formula,
we have:

-
Mass No. of
= No. of
number Protons Neutrons

A - p +
= n 0
 EXAMPLE 1:
Note 106
that the
Pd
atomic number
46 is
the same
Atomic as46the
Number:______
number of protons
No. of 46
Protons:_______
No. of 46
Electrons:_______
and electrons….
106
Mass number :_______
Number of Neutrons:_____
 EXAMPLE 1:
106
46 Pd
46
Atomic Number:______
46
No. of Protons:_______
106 - 46 = 60 46
No. of Electrons:_______
106
Mass number :_______
60
Number of Neutrons:_____
EXAMPLE 2:
Element:Oxygen
Atomic Number:____
16 Mass Number:____

8 O Number of Protons:____
Number of Electrons:____
Number of Neutrons:____
EXAMPLE 2:
Element: Oxygen
8
Atomic Number:____
16
O
Mass Number:____
Number of Protons:____
8 Number of Electrons:____
Number of Neutrons:____
EXAMPLE 2:
Element: Oxygen
8
Atomic Number:____
16 16
O
Mass Number:____

8 Number of Protons:____
Number of Electrons:____
Number of Neutrons:____
EXAMPLE 2:
Element: Oxygen
8
Atomic Number:____
16 16
O
Mass Number:____

8 Number of Protons:____
Number of Electrons:____
Number of Neutrons:____
EXAMPLE 2:
Element: Oxygen
8
Atomic Number:____
16 16
O
Mass Number:____
8
8 Number of Protons:____
8
Number of Electrons:____
8
Number of Neutrons:____

16 - 8 = 8
EXAMPLE 3:
Element:_____
Atomic Number:____
? Zn Mass Number:____
Number of Protons:____
30 Number of Electrons:____
35
Number of Neutrons:____
EXAMPLE 3:
Element:Zinc
30
Atomic Number:____
? Zn 65
Mass Number:____
30
Number of Protons:____
30 Number of Electrons:____
30
35
Number of Neutrons:____

30 + 35 = 65
ISOTOPES
Most elements have two or
more isotopes, atoms that have
the same atomic number (Z)
but different mass numbers
(A).
ISOTOPES

1 proton 1 proton 1 proton

0 neutrons 1 neutron 2 neutrons
 Quiz
Define the
following:
a.protons
b.electrons
c.neutrons
d.isotopes
 Quiz
Complete the information below for
each given isotope:

Element:____________ Element:____________
Atomic Number:______ Atomic Number:______
Mass Number:________ Mass Number:________
No. of Protons:________ No. of Protons:________
No. of Electrons:_______ No. of Electrons:_______
No. of Neutrons:_______ No. of Neutrons: 6
 Quiz
Complete the information below for
each given isotope:

Element:____________ Element:____________
Atomic Number:______ Atomic Number:______
Mass Number:________ Mass Number:________
No. of Protons:________ No. of Protons:________
No. of Electrons:_______ No. of Electrons:_______

No. of Neutrons: 42 No. of Neutrons:______