SUBSTATION DESIGN

BUS ARRANGEMENT
System Arrangement
1. Single bus
2. Double bus double breaker
3. Main and transfer bus
4. Double bus single breaker
5. Ring bus
6. Breaker and a half
LINE

DS 1. SINGLE BUS ARRANGEMENT

CB

BUS

LINE
 Single Bus Arrangement
Advantages Disadvantages
• Lowest cost • Failure of bus on any CB
results in shutdown of entire
• The easiest to construct substation.
• Simple protection • Difficult to do any
relaying requirement. maintenance.
• Bus cannot be extended
without completely
deenergizing substation.
• Can be used only where loads
can be interrupted or have
other supply arrangement.
 LINE 1 LINE 2
BUS 1

DS

CB

BUS 2

2. DOUBLE BUS DOUBLE BREAKER ARRANGEMENT

 Double Bus Double Breaker
Advantages Disadvantages
• Each circuit has two • Most expensive.
dedicated breakers. • Would loose half of the
• Has flexibility in circuits for breaker
permitting feeder failure if circuits are not
circuits to be connected connected to both
to either bus. busses.
• Any breaker can be
taken out of service for
maintenance.
• High reliability.
3. MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS ARRANGEMENT
MAIN BUS

TRANSFER BUS
LINE 1 LINE 2
 Main and Transfer Bus
Advantages Disadvantages
• Low initial and ultimate • Requires one extra
cost. breaker for the bus tie.
• Any breaker can be • Switching is somewhat
taken out of service for complicated when
maintenance. maintaining a breaker.
• Potential devices may • Failure of bus on any CB
be used on any main results in shutdown of
bus for relaying. entire substation.
4. DOUBLE BUS SINGLE BREAKER ARRANGEMENT
BUS 1

BUS 2

BUS TIE

LINE 1 LINE 2
 Double Bus Single Breaker
Advantages Disadvantages
• Permits some flexibility • One extra breaker is required for
the bus tie.
with two operating busses.
• Four switches are required per
• Either main bus may be circuit.
isolated for maintenance. • Bus protection scheme may cause
loss of substation when it operates
• Circuit can be transfered if all circuits are connected to that
readily from one bus to bus.
the other by the use of • High exposure to bus faults.
bus-tie breaker and bus • Line CB failure takes all circuits
selector disconnect connected to that bus out of
service.
switches. • Bus-tie breaker failure takes entire
substation out of service.
5. RING BUS
DS
ARRANGEMENT LINE 2

CB

LINE 1
 Ring Bus Arrangement
Advantages Disadvantages
• Low initial and ultimate cost.
• Flexible operation for breaker
maintenance.
• Any breaker can be removed for
maintenance without without
interrupting the load.
• Requires only one breaker per
circuit.
• Does not use main bus.
• Each circuit is fed by two
breakers.
• All switching is done with
breakers.
** These devices may be required in all cases for synchronizing, live line or voltage indication
• If fault occurs during a breaker
maintenance period, the ring can be
separated in two sections.
• Automatic reclosing and protective
relaying circuitry rather complicated.
• If a single set of relays are used, the
circuit must be taken out of service to
maintain the relays.*
• Requires potential devices on all
circuits since there is no definite
potential reference point. **
• Breaker failure during a fault on one of
the circuits causes loss of one
additional circuit owing to operation
of breaker-failure relaying.
 BUS 1
6. BREAKER LINE 1
AND A HALF
ARRANGEMENT

LINE 2
BUS 2
 Breaker and a Half Arrangement
Advantages Disadvantages
• Most flexible operation. • 1 and ½ breakers per
• High reliability
• Breaker failure of bus tie breakers
circuit.
removes only one circuit from • Relaying and automatic
service.
• All switching is done with breakers.
reclosing are somewhat
• Simple operation; no disconnect involved since the
switching required for normal middle breaker must be
operation.
• Either main bus can be taken out of
responsive to either of
service at any time for its associated circuits.
maintenance.
• Bus failure does not remove any
feeder circuits from service.