WWW & E-mail

Lecture 6
Part II
 The World Wide Web
The Web
An infrastructure of information combined and the
network software used to access it
Web page
A document that contains or references various kinds of
data
Links A connection between one web page and
another
 The World Wide Web
Website
A collection of related web pages
Web browser
A software tool that retrieves and displays web pages
Web server
A computer set up to respond to requests for web
pages
 What is Web Mining?

Discovering useful information from the

World-Wide Web and its usage patterns
 The World Wide Web
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
A standard way of specifying the location of a Web
page, containing the hostname, "/", and a file
 The Universal Resource Locator (URL)
Each page of information on the web has a unique address called the URL at
which it can be found

http://faculty.uscupstate.edu/atzacheva/lecture1.html

The document can

be obtained using Host Name - Path to the Web File Name Denotes that the File is
the Hypertext The Name of Page Written in HTML
Transfer Protocol Web Server HyperText Markup
(HTTP) Language

1 2 3

Protocol Host Name File Name

The World Wide Web
 Weblogs
Blog or Weblog
An online journal or newsletter that is frequently
updated and intended for public consumption

Do you have a blog?

Do you read blogs?

 Domain Names
• Sets of words assigned to specific IP addresses
• Top-level domain (or TLD)
– Rightmost part of a domain name
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN)
– Responsible for managing domain names and
coordinating them with IP address registrars
Top-Level Domain Names
 Cookies
Cookie
A small text file that a web server stores on your local
computer’s hard disk
– A cookie contains information about your visit to the site
– Cookies can be used
• to determine number of unique visitors to the site
• to customize the site for future visits
• to implement shopping carts that can be maintained from visit to
visit
– Cookies are not dangerous
Development of Markup Languages
 HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
The language used to create or build a Web page
Markup language
A language that uses tags to annotate the information
in a document
Tags
The syntactic element in a markup language that
indicates how information should be displayed
 Java Applets
Java applet
A Java program designed to be embedded into
an HTML document, transferred over the Web,
and executed in a browser
<P><APPLET code = "FactByte.class" width=250
height=150></APPLET></P>
 XML
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
A language that allows the user to describe the content
of a document
– HTML describes how a document should look
– XML describes a document's meaning
Metalanguage
A language for talking about, or defining, other
languages
XML is a metalanguage
 E-mail

E-mail is used to communicate in many settings. Effective

use of email requires a clear sense of the purpose for
writing, as well as a clear statement of the message. To
explore how to use email effectively, choose any of the
items below:

• Introduction
• Uses
• Diagram
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
 INTRODUCTION
Electronic mail, commonly called email or e-mail, is a method of
exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more
recipients. Modern email operates across the internet or other
computer networks. Some early email systems required that the
author and the recipient both be online at the same time, in common
with instant messaging. Today's email systems are based on a store-
and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver and store
messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be
online simultaneously; they need connect only briefly, typically to an
email server, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages.
 An email address consists of 3 parts:
jackandjill@gmail.com

Unique User Name Domain Name

chosen by the email “At” company/organization
account owner sign providing the email service
 Email Uses

Email allows individuals and groups to

Communicate with one another. Imagine that you've
been asked to coordinate work on a proposal to
address a problem in your dorm or Greek organization.
You need to get Information and ideas from people
living in your dorm or house, from members of
the Surrounding community, from university
officials, and perhaps other groups.

• Information Interchange
• Brain Storming and Problem Solving
• Record Keeping
• Group Work
• Staying in Touch Professionally
• Staying in Touch Socially
• Transmitting Documents
DIAGRAM
 IRC?
• Internet Relay Chat is one of the most popular
and most interactive services on the Internet.
• Using an IRC client (program) you can
exchange text messages interactively with
other people all over the world.
 What is IRC?
• Benefits
– Allows chat and file sharing
– Companies can avoid fees from long distance and
conference calls
• Drawbacks
– Consumes bandwidth
– Means of spreading worms
– Susceptible to flooding
– Can be embedded in trojans and act as a hostile server
unnoticed
 Instant Messaging
• Main purpose: one-on-one, real-time messaging over
the Internet
• Functions: File transfers, chat rooms, voice over IP

• Most commonly referred to as IM, which can be a

noun (“Are you logged into IM?”) or a verb (“IM
me!”)

• IM equivalent of an email address is your screen

name (or buddy name)
 What is IM? (continued)
• Typically accomplished through a small, free
program you download and install on your
computer
• There are also web-based versions, notably AIM
Express, that can be used through a browser with no
additional software
 ADVANTAGES
• Cheap. Once you’re online, there is no further expense.
• Easy to reference. Sent and received messages and
attachments can be stored safely, logically and reliably.
• Easy to use. Once you’re set up, sending and receiving
messages is simple. That goes for a host of other email
functions. Data storage and contacts can be accessed quickly
and easily.
• Fast. Message to send? Done, under a second! Email is by far
the fastest form of written communication.
• Global. Web based email means you can access your
messages anywhere online. Going oversees? Before you go,
mail yourself a copy of your passport number, travel
insurance details or your accommodation details.
 DISADVANTAGES
• Emotional responses. Some emails cause upset or anger. A reply in the heat
of the moment can’t be retracted.

• Information overload. Too many people send too much information. They
often cite ‘need to know’ as the justification.

• Lacks the personal touch. Some things are best left un-typed. Email will
never beat a hand written card or letter when it comes to relationships.

• Misunderstandings. Emails from people who don’t take the time to read what
they write before clicking ‘send’. Time is wasted, either to clarify or, worse,
acting on a misinterpretation of the message.
Thanks….