The discipline of

demography
 The term demography comes from the Greek
words demos (people) and graphia (a
description of).
- Demography is the study of describing
people.
- study also the human populations through
the use of statistical analysis and mathematical
modeling.
• A population’s basic features include age, sex, family, and
household status.
• On the other hand, the socioeconomic features of a
population are religion, language, ethnicity, education,
income, and wealth.
• concerns and issues that are researched and studied by
demographers range from migration patterns, economic
problems that affect population, birth control, urban and rural
congestion, to all other phenomena.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF
DEMOGRAPHY
• Englishman John Graunt
- Natural and political observations made upon the bills of
mortality (1662) describe the weekly deaths and baptisms that
went back to the end of 16th century.
• Johan Sussmilch
- The Divine Order (1741) provided the mortality tables for the
entire population of Prussia.
He conducted his researched on the populations 1056
parishes in various cities and provinces of Prussia.
• Sussmilch is a pioneer in demography and one of the
founding fathers of German demography.
CLASSICAL WORKS IN
DEMOGRAPHY
• Demography does not have specific early demographers who
expounded on theories currently being discussed on the
academic world.
• Few ancient and medieval thinkers including Herodotus,
Protagoras, Cicero, Marcus Aurelius, William of Pagula, an Ibn
Khaldun - described populations but not as the central focus
of their works.
• Governments in ancient Greece, China, Rome, and Egypt
acquired demographic data through censuses and registries.
THOMAS MALTHUS
- was an English cleric and scholar whose most notable work is
An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798).
• He was instrumental in the discussions of Charles Darwin
Alfred Wallace.
KINGSLEY DAVIS
• was an American sociologist and demographer whose works
produced theories about society and populations.
• The Population of India and Pakistan (1951) and World
Urbanization (1972), defined and developed the study
demography.
• Zero population growth
• Population explosion
TIMOTHY DYSON
• Demographic transition – refers to the movement of
populations from highly and roughly equal death and birth
rates, to low and roughly equal death and birth rates.
Two demographic transitions between:
 Pre-transition periods
 post- transition periods
THE FIELDS OF DEMOGRAPHY
• Historical demography – quantitative study of populations in
the past.
• Social demography – it investigates social phenomena that
affect the distribution, growth, migration, and settlement of
populations.