Rome

REPUBLIC VS. EMPIRE

{INCLUDE YOUR NAME HERE}

Dates and Territory
Roman Republic - {509 BC – 27 BC}
Dates and Territory
Roman Empire – {27 BC – 476 AD}
Government
Roman Republic Roman Empire
• Consul: heads of the Republic. Senate: composed of 300
senators, generally patricians. Magistrates: responsible for
executive and judicial functions, formed in general by the • The Roman Empire started when Augustus Caesar proclaimed
patricians. Popular Assembly: composed of patricians and himself the first emperor of Rome
commoners. Plebeian Council: composed only of the
commoners; • An empire is a political system in which a group of people are
ruled by one Individual, an emperor or empress.
• The ruler was the Consul
• The Roman Empire began with the reign of Emperor Augustus. 
• The Consul was chosen buy the Comitia Centuriata that was most
of the patricians. • The power of the Senate was limited and became an organ to
support the emperor. 

• When male slaves were giving their freedom then they could • Roman citizens generally could vote and had rights and
become a full citizen. responsibilities. Men of both the upper and lower classes could be
citizens. Women were citizens but couldn't vote. Slaves were not
allowed to be citizens.
Law
Roman Republic
• The republic was run by the Senate. The senate passed all laws and
collected all taxes. All members of the Senate were of the Patrician
or wealthy landowner class.
• the Roman legal system was known by their formalism  •
• The Law of Twelve Tablets was the result in 450 BC, and it made
Roman law accessible to all citizens.
Roman Empire
• The most common way of making official new laws was through
the Roman Assemblies. Laws were voted on by citizens who were
members of the assemblies.
The punishment for committing a crime in Roman Empire wasn’t
the same for everyone. The punishment you receive would depend
on your status. If you were a wealthy patrician, you would receive
less punishment than a slave would for the same crime.
Punishment could include beatings, lashings, exile from Rome,
fines, or even death.
Military
Roman Republic
• The highest officers of the military were the two consuls for
that year. The cavalry was made up of
the republic's wealthiest citizens.
• During this period the Republican system of citizen-
conscription was replaced by a standing professional army of
mainly volunteers serving standard 20-year terms plus 5 as
reservists.
• The four senior staffs of the future legions observed a priority
of selection, which rotated. Each staff would take its pick,
man by man until each had selected 4200 men, the
complements of four legions.
• The Hastati  were the first line of melee infantry used in
Roman manipular formations. The Principes made up the
second line of infantry in the armies of Republican Rome.
The Triarii were the thrid and most experienced line used in
the legions of Republican Rome.
Roman Empire
• Every men that was a citizen it was mandatory to go to the
military.
• Under the late Republic, a Roman citizen junior male
of military age 16–46 years could legally be required to serve a
maximum of sixteen years in the legions and a maximum of six
years consecutively.
• Mostly of the higher-ranking officers were wealthy citizen, they
stayed in the cavalry.
• The army was divided up into Legions of around 5400 soldiers.
Legions were led by a Legate who was usually a Senator or a
Governor. Legions were made up of ten groups of soldiers called
cohorts. Cohorts were then further divided into groups of 80 men
called centuries. The officers, or leaders, of each century were
called centurions.
• In the later Empire, Rome’s legions were stationed along the
frontier and served a more defensive role, building fortifications
and public works. Controlling the people living along its borders
and interfering politically, rather than militarily.
Society
Roman Republic
• The head of the families was the men, the men was the one who
provided things for the house.
• The mothers took care of the house and the children, the mother
usually was much younger than the father.
• The status of freeborn Romans during the Republic was
established by ancestry patrician or plebeian.
• Throughout the period of the Republic, Roman government
involved a mix of different institutions – magistrates, headed
by two annually elected consuls; a council called the senate;
and a number of popular assemblies.
Roman Empire
• Families were dominated by men. At the head of Roman family life was the
oldest living male, called the "paterfamilias," or "father of the family." He
looked after the family's business affairs and property and could perform
religious rites on their behalf.
• The materfamilias “mother of the family” was usually much younger than
her husband. The paterfamilias had the right to decide whether to keep
newborn babies. After birth, the midwife placed babies on the ground: only
if the paterfamilias picked it up was the baby formally accepted into the
family.
• The social structure of ancient Rome was based on heredity, property,
wealth, citizenship and freedom. It was also based around men: women
were defined by the social status of their fathers or husbands.
• The Roman Empire dramatically shifted power away from
representative democracy to centralized imperial
authority, with the emperor holding the most power.
Culture
Roman Republic Roman Empire
• Most Roman towns and cities had a forum and temples. • Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire.

• Following various military conquests in the Greek East, Romans
adapted a number of Greek educational precepts to their own
fledgling system.
• Roman literature was from its very inception influenced heavily by
Greek authors. Some of the earliest works we possess are of
historical epics telling the early military history of Rome.
• The city of Rome had a place called the Campus Martius. In the
campus, the youth assembled to play and exercise, which included
jumping, wrestling, boxing and racing.
• Roman art includes architecture, painting, sculpture and
mosaic work.
• Throughout the territory under Rome's control, residential
architecture ranged from very modest houses to country villas,
and in the capital city of Rome.
• The culture of the Roman Republic or Empire mostly didn’t
change

•  Romans came in contact with Greek culture and adopted many of

the Greek’s religious beliefs.
 Images
Roman Republic Roman Empire

The ladder to political power in the Roman Senate

was different for the wealthy patricians than for the Emperor Caesar Signals Thumbs Down on Charlie Gard.
lower-class plebeians.
 Images
Roman Republic Roman Empire

The coliseum

The twelve tables

 Images
Roman Republic Roman Empire

The largest Roman army ever assembled during the Second Punic War Roman Empire infantry
prepared for a decisive battle on the dusty plain of Cannae in
southeastern Italy. The battle that followed would rock Rome to its core!
 Images
Roman Republic Roman Empire

Roman Republic (509 BC – 27 BC) The forum

 Images
Roman Republic Roman Empire

Campanian red figure vase Roman Mosaics across the Empire

References:
• https://www.ushistory.org/civ/6a.asp
• https://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_rome/roman_law.php
• http://clickbus.com.br/
• https://www.google.com/search?rlz
=1C1GCEA_enKH859KH859&sxsrf=ALeKk036HPcbmrivQVYjRvm1dSK
d1MNDkw%3A1584337434571&ei=GhJvXq7DIu3fz7sPzL-J0AM&q=what
+were+the+terms+of+service+in+the+roman+republic+military&oq=w
hat+were+the+terms+of+service+in+the+roman+republic+military&gs
_l=psy-ab.3...182204.188972..191575...0.5..0.123.925.0j8......0....1..gws-wiz..
.....0i71j33i10.yjAXa5p2hm4&ved=0ahUKEwiuuPfvpJ7oAhXt73MBHcxf
AjoQ4dUDCAs&uact=5
• https://www.britannica.com/search?query=how+officers+chosen+in+r
oman+republic
References:
• https://sites.psu.edu/successoftheromans/organization-of-the-roman-
army/the-armies-of-the-roman-republic/
• https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancient-me
dieval/roman-a/a/roman-empire
• https://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/family.html
• https://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/order.html
• https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/romes-transition-republic
-empire/
• https://www.timemaps.com/civilizations/roman-republic/
• http://www.theancientworld.net/civ/roman_empire_culture.html
References: