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  • Problems in Tunnelling

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    Sam Russel Sison
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    There are three basic types of tunnels: cut-and-cover tunnels which are constructed in a shallow trench and then covered over, bored tunnels which are constructed in situ without removing the ground above and are usually circular or horseshoe shaped, and immersed tube tunnels which are sunk into bodies of water and laid on or just below the bed. Some problems in tunnelling include instability which prevents timely support installation, heavy loads which complicate design and support maintenance, and natural or man-made obstacles which provide obstructions.

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    There are three basic types of tunnels: cut-and-cover tunnels which are constructed in a shallow trench and then covered over, bored tunnels which are constructed in situ without removing the ground above and are usually circular or horseshoe shaped, and immersed tube tunnels which are sunk into bodies of water and laid on or just below the bed. Some problems in tunnelling include instability which prevents timely support installation, heavy loads which complicate design and support maintenance, and natural or man-made obstacles which provide obstructions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    15 views8 pages

    Problems in Tunnelling

    Uploaded by

    Sam Russel Sison
    There are three basic types of tunnels: cut-and-cover tunnels which are constructed in a shallow trench and then covered over, bored tunnels which are constructed in situ without removing the ground above and are usually circular or horseshoe shaped, and immersed tube tunnels which are sunk into bodies of water and laid on or just below the bed. Some problems in tunnelling include instability which prevents timely support installation, heavy loads which complicate design and support maintenance, and natural or man-made obstacles which provide obstructions.

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    PROBLEMS IN

    TUNNELLING
    BASIC TYPE OF TUNNELS

     CUT-AND-COVER TUNNEL
     BORED TUNNEL
     IMMERSED TUBE TUNNEL
    CUT-AND-COVER TUNNEL
    -constructed in a shallow trench and then
    covered over.
    BORED TUNNEL
    -constructed in situ, without removing the ground
    above. They are usually of circular or horseshoe
    cross-section.
    IMMERSED TUBE TUNNEL
    -sunk into a body of water and laid on or
    buried just under its bed.
    INSTABILITY
    It prevents timely placement and maintenance of
    adequate support at and behind the working face. It
    arises from the lack of standard time as in non-cohesive
    sands and gravels or due to adverse orientation of joint
    and fracture plane.
    HEAVY LOAD
    It creates problems of design as well as installation
    and maintenance of a suitable support system.
    OBSTACLES AND CONSTRAINTS

    Boulder beds in association with running silt and caverns in


    limestone are examples of natural obstacles. In urban areas,
    abandoned foundations and piles present man- made obstructions.

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