VARIETY

and
Seed Selection
Rice to us Filipinos
• The single most important crop that
provides calories to 86% of
estimated 84 million Filipinos
• The bread and butter of Philippine
agriculture
The realities of our rice production
• Yield growth and production for the last two
decades have stagnated or declined
resulting in increased rice importation.
• For the past 10 years, the Philippines has
imported an average of one million tons of
rice per year.
• Abnormal conditions
necessitated the
importation of >2M tons
and 1998, and 1.8 M tons
in 2005.
The sad consequences
• Many of our rice farmers
remain poor
• A sizeable number of
Filipinos go to bed hungry
• Price of milled rice remains high
• We continue to spend precious dollar
reserves on rice importation
• Rice self-sufficiency remains an
elusive dream
The Challenge
Increasing production in
the midst of:
• a high population growth rate
• rapid conversion of rice lands into
non-agricultural uses
• declining water availability
• increasing costs of labor and inputs
• changing climatic conditions
• environmental degradation
• damages caused by biotic
and abiotic stresses.
Many factors come into play
• Level of Production • Extension services
• Productivity per unit area • Agricultural inputs
• Irrigation facilities
• Varieties
• Post-harvest facilities
• Genetic yield potential
• Population growth rate
• Current and emerging pests
• Government policies
• Abiotic stresses
• Physical area devoted to rice
• Quality
• and several others
• Availability of quality seeds
What breeding can offer
• Extension services
• Level of Production Varieties
• Agricultural inputs
• Productivity per unit area
• Varieties
Genetic yield potential
• Irrigation facilities

Current
• Genetic yield and
potential • Post-harvest
emerging pestsfacilities
• Population growth rate
• Current and emerging pestsstresses
Abiotic
• Government policies
• Abiotic stresses
Quality
• Area devoted to rice
• Quality
Availability of • And several
quality seeds others
• Availability of quality seeds
Why do we have to develop
new varieties?
Consumers want rice with superior
quality, although their preferences
tend to change over time;
Farmers want varieties that can
withstand pests and diseases, which are
continuously evolving, to ensure that
they have stable yields every cropping
season; and
Farmers need varieties which can yield
more, thus, giving them more profits
Why do we have to develop new
varieties?

Suited to the recent population of

insect pests and pathogens

Important in increasing
‘biodiversity’
Answer to new market
demands

New important trait(s)

Why do we have to develop new
varieties?
The need to develop varieties adapted to non-
favorable conditions

Drought prone
Drought prone
Problem soils

High elevation
Upland areas Flood-prone
The era of HYVs… the green revolution years
 Target breeding environments
Before 2006 (1990’s-2005) 2006 to Present

1. Irrigated lowland 1. Favorable environment

Inbred Irrigated lowland
Hybrid - 1994 Transplanted
2. Rainfed lowland Direct seeded
3. Saline-prone areas Hybrid rice
4. Cool-elevated areas 2. Unfavorable environment
5. Upland Rainfed lowland
Drought-prone (Direct
dry seeding)
Submergence-prone
Varietal development and release in the Philippines
Cum Basic Seed Production
Breeding objectives

Hybridization of Segregating
selected parents population Performance Trial
Year 1 Year 2-3
Year 4-6
NCT Phase I (on-station)
Year 7-8.5

MAT (on-farm) Seed Increase (Breeding Institution)

NSIC
Year 9

New variety for release Basic Seed Production (PBBD)

Year 9.5-11
Farmers Breeder/Foundation SP(IGO)

Grain millers & retailers Foundation/Registered SP(IGO/Seed

Year 12 Net/Seed Growers)
Consumers
 National Cooperative Test (NCT)
The NCT is implemented by the Rice Technical
Working Group (RTWG) of the National Seed
Industry Council (NSIC) mandated under the
Seed Industry Development Act of 1992
(RA7308) with the following objectives:

 To conduct field testing and performance evaluation of

promising rice lines and hybrids;
 To nominate to the NSIC, new improved rice varieties for
cultivation;
 To formulate procedures for varietal evaluation and
identification; and
 To perform other related functions that may be assigned by
NSIC.
 Varietal Release through
National Cooperative Test (NCT)
UPLB PhilRice IRRI

Multi-location Trials (NCT/MAT)

 Yield Trial
 Insect Resistance Screening
 Disease Resistance Screening
 Grain Quality Evaluation

Evaluates NCT results,

Rice Varietal Improvement
drop and accept new
Group/Rice Technical
entries
Working Group

Recommends
promising entries Technical
Secretariat

Approves release
of new varieties National Seed
Industry Council (NSIC)
NATIONAL
COOPERATIVE
TESTING
SITES
 System of varietal nomenclature

Breeding institution (1968-1988)

IR (IRRI), MRC (BPI), C (UPLB)

PSB Rc# (1990- 2000): Philippine Seed Board

Popular Names:
Lowland varieties – rivers
Upland /glutinous varieties – mountains
System of varietal nomenclature
NSIC Rc# (2001 to date):
National Seed Industry Council, Rice
Popular names:
Irrigated lowland: Tubigan
Hybrids: Mestiso
Private companies: Trade names
Rainfed: Sahod-ulan
Upland: Katihan
Cool elevated areas: Cordillera
Saline-Prone: Salinas
Specialty rice : Aromatic: Mabango
Glutinous: Malagkit
System of varietal nomenclature

 Numbering System
Odd- Upland and glutinous
Even- Lowland
Choosing the right variety
Know the agricultural conditions concerning
human resources and ecological conditions
Review the characteristics of cultivars in the
intended location and identify the most
important traits so that the most suitable
variety is chosen
Use locally adapted varieties to ensure good
crop establishment and high yield with
acceptable grain quality for market.
Variety considerations
A variety should have:
 Suitable grain quality acceptable to farmers,
consumers and traders;
 Adequate yield potential and stability over seasons;
 Resistance or tolerance to major insects , diseases
and abiotic stresses (e.g. drought or flooding)
right growth duration to match the season to
avoid exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses
 Adequate tillering capacity to shade out weeds and for
optimum yielding ability
 Resistance to lodging under normal farmer
management
Management considerations
Ensure variety is suited to method of
crop establishment and farmer
management practices

Ensure seed is available to meet local

demand

Ensure that biodiversity is maintained to

slow down the spread of pests and
breakdown of varietal resistance
Table 1. Number of recommended varieties by ecosystem
from 1960 to present.
Period Irrigated Rainfed Upland Cool Saline TOTAL
lowland lowland elevated
1968- 43 4 7 - - 54
1988
(29 IRRI, (2 UPLB, 4 UPLB,
4 UP, 9 2 IRRI) 2 IRRI, 1
BPI, 1 BPI)
PAEC)
1990- 61 15 6 6 8 96
2007
(44 (11 HYV, (5 HYV, ( 5 indica, 6 IRRI-
inbreds, 4 TRV) 1 TRV) 1 bred, 2-
13 japonica) PhilRice
hybrids, 4 bred
glutinous)
TOTAL 104 19 13 6 8 150
Irrigated Lowland Rice Varieties
1991- 2007
Ecosystem Institution Number
Irrigated lowland- IRRI 21
inbred (44) PhilRice 17
UPLB 6
Irrigated lowland- UPLB 1
glutinous (4) PhilRice 3
Irrigated lowland- IRRI 5
hybrid (13) Private 8
company
Rice Varieties
2007
 NSIC Rc148 (Mabango 2) I
R
4
4
6
9
9
-
2
1
-
1
-
3
-
4
/
I
IR44699-21-1-3-4/IR66438-167-3-3-2-3 IRRI-bred
R
6
6

 Evaluated in favorable irrigated lowland areas

4
3
8
With combined yield advantage of 14.2% over the check variety, IR841.
-
1
 Early maturing selection. 6
7
 Intermediate reactions to B, BLB, SHB, WSB, GLH & BPH.
-
3
 Intermediate amylose content. -
3
Good milling recovery. -
2
Highly acceptable especially in the raw form
-
3
Good eating quality with slight aroma like sweet pinipig
Susceptible to the tungro disease
 NSIC Rc150 (Tubigan 9)

PR26668-29-2 / PR23028-138
(Habataki/PSB Rc10) PhilRice-bred

Yield advantage of 24.3% in the WS and 9.8% across season over

the check variety, PSB Rc28
Consistent yield advantage in both TPR & DWSR culture
Early maturing selection
 Intermediate reactions to blast, BLB SHB,and WSB
 Resistant to yellow stemborer
 Intermediate amylose content
 Good milling and headrice recovery
 Acceptable both in cooked and raw forms
 Not to be planted in tungro hot spot areas, moderately susceptible to
GLH, YSB & BPH
 NSIC Rc152 (Tubigan 10)

PR26134-12-6-3-1/PR26684-31-2-2-5-1 PhilRice-bred

 High yielding in both TPR (7.5% YA over check) and DWSR

(8.7% ) vs PSB Rc18
 Early maturing selection.
 Moderately resistant to yellow stemborer (WH)
 Intermediate reactions to B, BLB, WSB, GLH & YSB
 Good milling and headrice recovery
 Highly acceptable in the raw form
 Susceptible to RTV and MS to BPH
 NSIC Rc154 (Tubigan 11)

PSB Rc14/IRBB5-21 PhilRice-bred (Marker-aided)

 Better than PSB Rc82 as TPR (21.4% YA) and as DWSR ( 9.1%) in WS
 Early maturing selection
 Moderately resistant to whiteheads (YSB)
 Intermediate to BLB, WSB, GLH, YSB & BPH
 Intermediate amylose content.
 Good milling and headrice recovery
 Acceptable both in cooked and raw forms
 Susceptible to blast and RTV
 Purple base and purple margins on the leaf blade
 NSIC Rc156 (Tubigan 12)

PR25458-1-1-1/MILTEX 135// IR68284H-C163-4

UPLB-bred

 Superior DS performance in both TPR & DWSR cultures (average of

7.1 t/ha)
 Resistant field reactions to yellow stemborer (WH)
 Intermediate to WSB(WH), YSB, and BPH under induced method
 Intermediate amylose content, with good milling and headrice recovery
 Preferred both in cooked and raw forms as compared to PSB Rc82
 Diverse parentals
 Susceptible to diseases
 NSIC Rc158 (Tubigan 13)

IR73885-1-4-3-2-1-6/IR70479-45-2-3
IR64680-81-2-2-1-3 IRRI-bred
 Second generation NPT lines
 High yielding at 7.1 t/ha under DWSR during the WS
 Wide adaptation in both WS and DS, TPR and DSR
 Superior stable performance across all seasons
 Resistant to WSB in both vegetative and reproductive phase
 Intermediate to B, BLB, SHB GLH and tungro under modified
field screening
 Intermediate amylose content.
 Highly acceptable in both cooked and raw forms
 Moderately susceptible to YSB and BPH
 NSIC Rc160 (Tubigan 14)

IR24/PSB Rc56 PhilRice-bred

 High and stable yield performance under both TPR & DWSR culture
 With yield advantage of 12.7% over PSB Rc82 during the DS
 Early maturing selection
 Resistant to YSB and moderately resistant to WSB during reproductive
phase
 Intermediate reactions to blast, BLB and GLH
 High milling recovery.
 Higher acceptability than PSB Rc82 in cooked and raw forms
 Susceptible to RTV, YSB and BPH
 NSIC Rc162H (Mestiso 8)

Bioseed Research Philippines

 High yielding with early maturity suitable to Luzon, Region 6,

7, 9, 10, 11, 12 and ARMM

 MR to deadhearts and whiteheads caused by YSB and WSB
under field condition but MS to both under induced method
of screening
 Intermediate to blast and sheath blight and susceptible to
BLB and RTV
 It has intermediate amylose content, good milling recovery
and eating quality
 NSIC Rc164H (Mestiso 9)

HyRice Corp-BMD

 High yield preferably in WS and adapted to specific locations in Region

2 and CAR and in similar locations in Luzon
Acceptable milling and physical attributes
High amylose but with low gel temperature score
Acceptable in cooked and raw forms
 Susceptible to BLB, RTV, YSB and BPH
 NSIC Rc 166H (Mestiso 10)

Syngenta Philippines Inc

 High yield in selected locations with YA ranging from 6.6 to 39.1%
in NCT sites and 13.2 to 18.6 in Techno demo farms
 Recommended to irrigated lowland areas in Cagayan, Isabela,
Nueva Ecija and Davao provinces preferably during the DS under
TPR culture.
 Early maturity ranging from 108 to 113 days
 Moderate field resistance to major diseases and insect pests
 Susceptible to RTV , BLB and BPH (induced)
 High milling recovery, Intermediate amylose content with good GQ better
than IR64
 Better preference and acceptability in raw forms than IR64 and PSB Rc82
 NSIC Rc 168H (Mestiso 11)

Bayer Crop Science

 Recommended in Nueva Ecija, Isabela, Davao provinces, Bohol
and Bukidnon and in similar areas where IR64 is adapted.
 Better yield performance in the DS, higher than PSB Rc82 in
selected sites (1.4 to 38.2% yield increase) and with comparable
performance in the WS.
 With intermediate amylose and excellent eating quality like IR64
 Good milling recovery
 High acceptability in the raw and cooked forms
 Wide spectrum of insect resistance
 Moderate field reactions to major diseases, susceptible to RTV
 Guide to planting the variety
A rice integrated crop management (RICM) based on the
PalayCheck System (PalayCheck System Handbook
2007) is recommended:

(1) seed quality

(2) land preparation
(3) crop establishment
(4) nutrient management
(5) water management
(6) pest management
(7) harvest management
Minus One Element Technique

Complete -N -P -K -Zn -S -Cu No Fertilizer

Seed Quality
The Importance of Seed

“Basic factor of
mankind’s most
sought goal and
Agricultural
abundance”
The Importance of “Quality” in Seed
It is the “watchword” of the farmers for
a successful rice production
• Genetic or varietal purity?
• Mechanical purity?
• Germination?

Synonymous to good, clean and healthy

seed
 Key Check #1
Use certified seeds of a recommended

variety The seed is certified by the

NSQCS as evidenced by a
blue tag attached to the sack.
Foundation and registered
seeds as well as lines coming
from a reliable source (e.g.
PhilRice, accredited seed
growers)
The Importance of Certified Seed
 Certified seed is pure, clean, full and uniform
in size, and has a minimum germination rate
of 85%.
 Certified seed leads to lower seed rate, higher
crop emergence, and reduced replanting,
 Use of certified seeds leads to healthy
seedlings that grow faster and uniformly,
reduces weed problems and resist pests
better.

All this can contribute to a 5-20% increase in

grain yield.
 Seed Certification

To maintain and make available to

farmers, high quality and genetically
pure seeds of superior cultivars
which have undergone government
accreditation
 Seed Production
A responsive seed program is a basic and
vital support to profitable and effective
agricultural production
A collaborative effort of the govt and the
private sector
Vehicle for distribution, trade and
production of plant genetic resources
Flow of Rice Seeds from PhilRice to Farmers

Uniform Panicles (UP) Selected by plant breeders for SPHD for planting

Produced by SPHD, certified by SQCS for PRRI

Breeder Seed (BS)
branch stations,NRRDN and SeedNet

Produced from BS by PRRI branch stations,

Foundation Seed (FS) NRRDN and SeedNet for SeedNet and selected
seed producers

Produced from FS by SeedNet and selected

Registered Seed (RS) seed growers for all accredited seed growers

Produced from RS by all accredited seed

Certified Seed (CS)
growers for farmers
 Classes of Seed
Breeder Seed comes directly from plant breeder

Foundation Seed grown from breeder seed

Registered Seed grown from foundation seed

grown from either foundation,

Certified Seed registered or certified seed

grown from certified and maybe used

in times of emergencies
Good Seed
seed that are of seed increase status as
determined by the RTWG
Take home message
“Choosing the right variety to
plant is a challenge to the
farmers, and how he will be
able to integrate variety use in
an integrated crop
management system to realize
their full productivity
potential”.
Thank you for listening

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Division

Binhing Pinapanday, Kaunlaran ang Alay
 Use certified seeds
Use certified seeds
Use certified seeds