CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

OF HYDROCARBONS
GROUP 4

1. Ankush Bhattacharya (500078370)

2. Gopika C (500073699)
3. Pratima Halder (500077363)
4. Sudhanshu Purandare (500076275)
5. Swarnali Roy (500074083)
 INTRODUCTION

A hydrocarbon is an organic compound composed of two elements,

hydrogen and carbon. A large part of the composition of petroleum is
made up of hydrocarbons of varying lengths. The smallest
hydrocarbon, methane, is composed of a single carbon atom and four
hydrogen atoms.
 CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS
• Alkanes - These are referred to as saturated hydrocarbons. Alkanes
have the general formula CnH2n+2.
Eg - paraffins and napthenes

• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons – An unsaturated hydrocarbon is a

hydrocarbon containing at least one double or triple bond.
Eg. Olefins.
• Aromatics - Aromatic hydrocarbons are an important series of
hydrocarbons found in almost every petroleum mixture from any
part of the world. Aromatics are cyclic but unsaturated
hydrocarbons with alternating double bonds. The simplest aromatic
hydrocarbon is benzene (C6H6)
Eg. Benzene, toluene
 COMPONENTS OF HYDROCARBON
• Paraffins -
Paraffin hydrocarbon, also called alkane, any of the saturated hydrocarbons
having the general formula CnH2n+2. The paraffins are major constituents of
natural gas and petroleum.

• Napthenes -
Naphthenes are a class of cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons obtained from
petroleum. Naphthenes have the general formula CnH2n.
• Aromatics –
Aromatic hydrocarbons are a special class of unsaturated
hydrocarbon based on a six carbon ring moiety called benzene.

• Olefins -
Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds with the general formula
CnH2n containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double-bond.
 Uses of Hydrocarbon
• Hydrocarbons are a primary energy source for current
civilizations. The predominant use of hydrocarbons is as a
combustible fuelsource, particularly in heating and motor fuel
applications. In their solid form, hydrocarbons take the form
of asphalt (bitumen).
• Mixtures of volatile hydrocarbons are now used in preference
to the chlorofluorocarbons as a propellant for aerosol sprays,
due to chlorofluorocarbons' impact on the ozone layer.