Aircraft Oxygen, Air-Conditioning and Pressurization Systems

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
AIRCONDITIONING AND
PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM
ATA-21
AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM
ATA- 35
DCAM Part 66 Module11.15
2
OBJECTIVES :
At the end of this lesson the student will be able to:-
1. Describe (C2) the relationship between atmospheric
conditions and human physiology needs with respect
to Aircraft Air-conditioning and Pressurization System.
2. Describe (C2) typical constructions, system layout
and components of the oxygen, Air-conditioning and
Pressurization System.
3. Explain (C3) the operation of the Oxygen, Air-
conditioning and Pressurization Systems and their
related components using appropriate drawings and
schematic diagrams. 3
EASA Ref No 11.15
OBJECTIVES :
At the end of this lesson the student will be able to:-
4. Perform Inspection (P3) and Analyse (C4) findings

on Aircraft Oxygen, Air-conditioning and
Pressurization Systems and components as per the
relevant technical documents.
5. Carry Out (C2,C3)Oxygen, Air-conditioning and
Pressurization Systems Servicing as per the
Approved Maintenance Manual procedure.
EASA Ref No 11.15 4

AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SUPPLY

ATA 35
DCAM Part 66 - Module 11.15
5

- Authority Requirement
Requirement scale “L” of ANO for FLIGHT
above Level 350.
MCAR – 5th SCHEDULE- Aircraft Equipment
- SCALE L 2
# Sufficient for 2 person.
# Allow crew member free use of his hand
during Decompression Emergency.
Mcar96 (3).pdf 6

( ATA 35)
7
OXYGEN USAGE and
MAINTENANCE
8
9
• Why does aircraft need to have

oxygen systems?
10
PRESSURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
11
12
13
OXYGEN SYSTEM
- Composition of Atmosphere Air
GAS % by Weight % by
Volume
Nitrogen 75.51 78.08
Oxygen 23.15 20.91
Carbon Dioxide .04 0.03
Other gases 1.30 0.95
Oxygen contents varies with altitude -

- as Altitude increases - air pressure
decreases and density decreases, air thins out
and oxygen decreases
Gas law:
-Temperature >, density <
-Altitude >, temperature < EASA Ref No 11.15 14
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE FOR

HUMAN RESPIRATION REQUIREMENT
• 2 Important consideration:
- sufficient oxygen in air to supply the
body requirement.
- sufficient pressure to enter the blood
by passing through the membrane
wall of the alveoli in the lung.
(Osmosis - PARTIAL OXYGEN PRESSURE)
15
Requirement Of Good Air

Properties
Air supply:
# Min. rate 0.416lb.(0.18kg) per passenger
per minute.
# To ensure min. O2 contents and ventilation.
# Temp. 60 degree F to 80 degree F.
(20 Degree C)
16
Rate Of Oxygen Supply

- At 10,000ft oxygen supply is ONE liter per
minute.
- At 15,000ft oxygen supply is 1.5 liter per minute.
- At 20,000ft oxygen supply is 2.0 liter per minute.
17
Requirement Of Oxygen
At High Altitude
18
Physiological Effects of Altitude Feet

# Maximum altitude without 8,000
# Altitude
at which the incidence of
decompression sickness increases rapidly with
25,000
exposures exceeding ten minutes.
# Maximum altitude at which sea level

conditions can be maintained by breathing 100 33,000
per cent oxygen.
# Maximum allowable altitude without pressure

breathing. 40,000
EASA Ref No 11.15 19

Effects of oxygen shortage

Altitude (ft) Effects
•Anoxia 40,000 - Pressure breathing essential to life
35,000 Complete mental and physical
•Severe 30,000 helplessness, likely to become
•Hypoxia 25,000 unconscious in 1-2 minutes
20,000- Marked incoordination, with feeling
of hilarity, sleeplessness, or stupor.
•Hypoxia 10,000 - Beginning of mental & muscular
incoordination
8,000 - No apparent effect on a fit person
20
PURPOSE OF A/C OXYGEN SYSTEMS

• When cabin pressure maintain at
8,000ft. - O2 to standby.
• Oxygen – to offset effects of hypoxia and

anoxia by supplying oxygen through a
breathing mask at a controlled rate of flow.

22
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE FOR

HUMAN RESPIRATION REQUIREMENT
REQUIREMENT OF ARTIFICIAL ATMOSPHERE
- OSMOSIS - ACTION OF OXYGEN CHANGING

PLACE WITH CO2 IN BLOOD STREAM.
- REQUIRE PARTIAL PRESSURE OF O2 CONTENT
OF ATMOSPHERE.
E.G - Sea Level = 23.15 X 14.7 = 3.4psi

100 1
8,000 ft = 23.15 X 11 = 2.5psi

23
100 1
CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
Caused by:
-Incomplete combustion
-Leakage in the air supply system.
-Hemoglobin has greater attraction of CO2
than for O2.
-When brain lack of O2 ability to reason and make
decision is greatly impaired.
24
CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
Early symptom of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning :

-feeling warmth, headaches, dizziness and sluggishness.
Monitor by:
-Indicator in the cockpit, chemical change
from light to dark colour.
25
PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN
- Oxygen is an active gas
26
27
28
PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN
• one-fifth of the air we breathe
• Nearly 90% of the weight of water is oxygen
• Colourless, odourless, and tasteless,
• is extremely active chemically and will combine
with almost all other elements and with many
compounds
• Fuel burns, it unites with oxygen to produce heat
• Produced commercially by liquefying air, boiling
off nitrogen
29
CHARACTERISTICS OF OXYGEN
Produced commercially
-By liquefying air, boiling off nitrogen.
-Mechanically-Separated oxygen.
-Differences between commercial oxygen (welding,
cutting and for medical) and aviation breathing oxygen
is their water content.
- Aviation breathing oxygen has less water,
not more than 2 ml of water per liter of gas.
TYPES OF OXYGEN
- Gaseous Oxygen
- Chemical Oxygen
- Liquid Oxygen
31
Chemical Oxygen
- PSU
32
Chemical Oxygen
- PSU
33
34
Types of Oxygen
Chemical Oxygen :
- produced when required, by special oxygen
generators operating on a chemical reaction
principle

CHEMICAL / SOLID OXYGEN GENERATOR SYSTEMS
• Used in many large a/c.

• Chemically produce oxygen for 15 minutes.
• Service life 10 years.
• No high pressure, light weight, inexpensive
• Units located at PSU and other essential locations.

CHEMICAL / SOLID OXYGEN GENERATOR SYSTEMS
Disadvantages:
-Cannot be tested.
-Once operated continuous release O2
for about 15mts
- A thermal colour band outside the container to
indicate in case of expanded generator.
- Heat generated about 450 degree F.
Gaseous Oxygen
-Portable Oxygen Tanks
-Aircraft Oxygen System
38
Portable Oxygen Tanks

- Available in cabin for therapeutic and Air-crew
- Bottle alloy steel. Light weight
- Come with pressure regulator/reducing valv and
pressure gauge
- With a breather mask
39
40
Pressure Oxygen
- Portable Oxygen Cylinder and Mask
41

- Pressure 1,800 - content 120 liters
(30 to 120 minutes)
- Reducing valve control flow rate
e.g. 2, 4 and 10 liters per minute
42
PORTABLE OXYGEN SETS

Three selection :
- normal – 2 liters/minute
- high – 4 liters/minute
- emergency –10 liters/minute
Passenger Portable Oxygen Unit

43



Aircraft Liquid Oxygen
47
Aircraft Liquid Oxygen
48
LIQUID OXYGEN (LOX)

• Pale blue transparent liquid.
• Stored in spherical container
• Boils at -297 F(-147 C)
• Store at below -181°F.
• Expansion ratio 700 to 1.
• Cylinder with double layer walls, between
walls is vacuum.
• Example pressure in the built up line

about 300 to 330psi (C-130 a/c).

LIQUID OXYGEN
Disadvantages
– maintain extremely low temperature and requires
periodic replenishing, losses from the venting system
Advantage:
• Extremely economical of space and weight and no
high pressure is needed.
50
Liquid Oxygen System Operation
51
LIQUID OXYGEN SYSTEM OPERATION

When supply valve on regulator is turn ‘ON’,
 LOX flows from the container into the supply
evaporator coil where it absorb heat and
turns into gaseous oxygen.
 Excessive pressure is vent thru relief valves.
 Pressure at delivery line about 70 psi (C-130).
 Mostly military aircraft used, space and weight
saving.
 1 liter of liquid oxygen will produce 860 liter of
gaseous oxygen. 52
AIRCRAFT GASEOUS
OXYGEN SYSTEMS
3 Types:
a) Continuous flow-waste full .
b) Dilute demand – mixed oxygen with cabin air.
c) Pressure demand – above 40,000ft

insufficient pressure to force oxygen into lung.
53
AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM (Continuous Flow)

Crew Oxygen System
55
OXYGEN REGULATOR
56
Diluter Demand Regulator
57
TYPICAL AIRCRAFT GASEOUS

OXYGEN SYSTEMS
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
TYPICAL AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEMS
66
67
68
TYPICAL INSTALLED OXYGEN SYSTEMS
Continuous flow / Constant Flow system.

Diluter Demand System
70
Continuous flow regulator.

- When the line and cylinder are turned ON, oxygen
will flow from the storage cylinder regardless of
whether the user inhaling or exhaling.
# Manual continuous flow regulators must
be reset as altitude changes.
# Automatic continuous flow regulators readjust
the flow automatically as altitude changes.
71
TYPICAL INSTALLED
AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEMS
Continuous flow / Constant Flow system.

- reduced to the low pressure by pressure
regulator valves or reducer valves using an
“Orific”(0.12inch).
- Out put 2.5 to 3.0 liters per minute;
- pressure line 25-27psi.
Some adjust flow rate I.A.W Altitude
-Altitude adjustable system – manually
- Altitude compensator system - automatically
GASEOUS OXYGEN SYSTEM REGULTOR S

RLATOR
# Pressure regulator reduces the pressure

that is usable.
# Automatic or manual type.
73
Diluter Demand System
74
TYPICAL INSTALLED
OXYGEN SYSTEMS
- Mounted at each flight crew
station
- Each regulator face
displays two indicating
devices
- Flow indicator
(colour when no flow or
indicate by a float)
Diluter Demand Regulator (3 levers)
Lever = On / OFF
= EMERGENCY LEVER (O2 under press).
(Emergency – Normal – Test MASK)
=100% O2 – NORMAL O2 (0.15PSI TO MASK)
- dilute the oxygen supplies to mask with cabin air

77
78
Diluter demand regulator

- demand valve shut the flow of oxygen
when user stop inhaling.
- the wearer inhales caused decreases
the pressure inside the regulator and opens
the demand valve, so oxygen can flow thru
the regulator to the mask.
- Dilutes the oxygen supply to the mask
with air from the cabin. 79
Diluter Demand Regulators

- aircraft goes up 32,000 ft barometric control bellows
expand, close the air passage, pure oxygen is
metered to the mask.
- Oxygen selector - NORMAL to 100%, pure oxygen
flow to the mask.
- in EMERGENCY position, the demand valve will held
open and pressure oxygen flows continuously from
the supply system to the mask.
80
Diluter Demand
Regulator
81
Regulators.
Pressure demand
• Use above 40,000 ft.
• Pressure Demand Mast must worn with
Pressure Demand Regulator.
• Provide 100% oxygen to the mask at higher
pressure and creates required input of
oxygen into lungs.
82
Diluter Demand
Regulator
83
- The demand valve shut the flow of oxygen until the

wearer inhales and decreases the pressure inside
the regulator and opens the demand valve,
so oxygen can flow thru the regulator to the mask.
- Dilutes the oxygen supply to the mask with air
from the cabin.
84
- As the aircraft goes up (32,000 ft) the barometric

control bellows expand and close the air passage
and pure oxygen is metered to the mask.
- The oxygen selector - NORMAL to 100%,
pure oxygen flow to the mask.
- When in EMERGENCY position, the demand
valve will held open and oxygen flows
continuously from the supply system to the mask.
85
86
Pressure Demand Regulator

• Use on unpressurized aircraft
at and above 40,000 ft.
• Provide 100% oxygen to the mask at higher than
ambient pressure, forcing oxygen into the user’s
lung.
87
Oxygen Mask
Use to deliver the oxygen
to the user either the
continuous flow or demand
type.
88
Oxygen Mask
89
Passenger Oxygen Mask
90
Crew Smoke Mask
91
Oxygen Mask
Types:
-REBREATHER
-DILUTER DEMAND
-PRESSURE
-QUICK DON
92
Oxygen mask deploy

Pilot oxygen mask
93
Oxygen Mask OPERATION
94
Oxygen Mask
• with a oxygen flow indication device, red/green.
• Mask coupling with restricting orific to meter amount of
O2 needed at each mask.
• Pilot coupling is larger than for passenger
• Therapeutic mask O2 flow rate is 3 times more than
normal passenger.
95
Types Of Oxygen Mask

Continuous flow mask.
1. Use re-breather type mask.
• Oxygen continuous to flow into the bag and fills it from
the bottom and at the same time the user exhales
used air into the bag at the top.
• This air is mixed with pure oxygen, and so the wearer
always breathes oxygen rich air.
• Re-breather-type mask has built-in
check valve that allow the air to
escape but prevent the user from
breathing air from cabin. 96
Types Of Oxygen Mask
2. Demand type mask.

• Regulator is set up to meter the proper amount of
oxygen to the user and ratio of air to oxygen.
• Deliver oxygen only when inhales.
• Must fit tightly to the face so no outside air will enter.
3. Full face mask.

• Use in case the cockpit filled up with
smoke.
• Cover the eye, mouth and nose and positive pressure
inside the mask prevents any smoke entering. 97
Mask Inspection and Maintenance.
• Check for security, chafing of line, cut, dent, contamination,
corrosion, folded, deterioration.
• Check for leaks, holes or rips, replaced is recommended than
repaired.
• Clean and disinfection with turpentine, non-oil base soap,
alcohol.
• Clean with lukewarm detergent solution and dry at room
temperature.
• Alcohol swabs used to sterilize the mask before crew member
dons the mask.
• When store in the A/C protect from dust, dampness, source of
oil and grease.
98
AIRCRAFT OXYGEN
Malaysian Institute SYSTEMS
of Aviation Technology

Oxygen Mask OPERATION
100
101
Diluter Demand
Regulator
102
103
104
105
AIRCRAFT GASEOUS OXYGEN SYSTEM.

Storage cylinder –Safety Feature
- Thermal relief valve
- to vent the oxygen to atmosphere if the
pressure of oxygen rise to dangerous level
due hot day (temperature)
- it may be a temperature or pressure activated.
\
- If thermal discharge occurs,

the green disk blows out of the fitting,
leaves the vent port /hole visible.
106
Thermal relief valve

Safety feature- release excessive oxygen
pressure due to thermal expansion
107
107
108
TYPICAL INSTALLED OXYGEN SYSTEMS
- dilute the oxygen supplies to mask

with cabin air

110
111
747 Oxygen System
112
• REVIEW CHECK STUDENTS ON DILUTE DEMAND AND CONTINUOUS FLOW.

- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DILUTE DEMAND AND CONTINUOUS FLOW.
- STUDENTS EXPLAIN THE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM.
113

SERVICING TROLLEY
AIRCRAFT OXYGEN
SYSTEM
SERVICING SERVICE
PANEL
114

SERVICING TROLLEY
115
116

SERVICING TROLLEY
To avoid condensation
- minimum storage
pressure 250 psi.
117
Aircraft Oxygen System Servicing Cylinder

- Content 2250 liters with pressure 3,000psi.
- Black with white neck
- green for America bottles.
118
SERVICING TROLLEY.
Storage cylinder.
1.Stored in:
-Black & white Cylinder–(British).
-With the word ‘AVIATOR’S BREATHING OXYGEN’
written in white.
- Life 10,000 times charging or 15 yrs,
- a/c is tank 25 yrs
- green painted high pressure steel(American)

. 119
SERVICING TROLLEY.
Storage cylinder HAS LIFE
2. Hydrostatically tested to 1 2/3 or 5/3 working

pressure.
3. Tank particulars Stamped near filler neck with:

- Name of manufacture. - Approval drawing number
- Capacity……….Liters DOT 2015 03v96.
(DOT-Department of transport)
- Working pressure and date of hydrostatic test.
120
Oxygen Service Panel
121
• OXYGEN SYSTEM SERVICING

Charging Aircraft Oxygen System

# CYLINDERS MOUNTED IN SERVICING TROLLEY.
• REDUCED TO 1,800PSI FOR CHARGING BY
MANUALLY ADJUSTED REDUCING VALVE AND
SHUT OFF VALVE.
• COME WITH PRESSURE GAUGES AND HIGH
PRESSURE HOSE.
• A Thermal Compensator
prevent heat from pressure surge.
123
Replenish/Charging Aircraft
Oxygen System Procedures
124
CHARGING PROCEDURE- Refer To MM

Safety Precaution:
- Wear a clean white lint free glove.
• Provide adequate and properly manned fire-fighting
equipment.
• Display "No Smoking" and other warning placards
outside the aircraft.
• If artificial lighting is required, use explosion-proof
lamps and hand torches.
• Servicing trolley and a/c properly bonded.
• Operating ground power units not allowed near
125
charging operation.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
 Testing of aircraft radio or electrical systems should
be avoided.
 Charging hose and tool must be scrupulously clean.
 Before hose couple to a/c purged slowly with low
pressure flow.
 Care-full as hose adaptor is left hand thread.
 Charging valve and assembly opened slowly and
allowed pressure to stabilize.
 Monitor gauge and prevent high temperature..
 Tools are serviceable and free of dirt, oil, grease or
any other contaminants. 126
EASA Ref No 11.15
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• In a confined space (hangar)within the aircraft, ensur
adequate ventilation.
• Pipe and component connections should be wiped
clean and dry if contamination is present.
• Clothing which has been saturated by oxygen should
be kept away from naked lights or heat until
a quarter of an hour has elapsed, or until thorough
ventilation with air has been effected.
127
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
- Monitor gauge and prevent high temperature.
- Refer charging graph near charging point
and check maximum pressure allowable and
check ambient temperature.
- Ensure conservative rate of charging is applied
and maximum pressure not exceed by setting
the die to the most restrictive setting.
128
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• When cylinder empty blank off.

• Completion charging shut off v and charging v
closed.
• Allow system to stabilized and check a/c quantity
gauge is full.
• Trolley hose adaptors removed slowly to dissipate
trapped pressure.
• Blanking cap be scrupulously clean.
129
CHARGING OF OXYGEN SYSTEMS

Aircraft Oxygen System Servicing Panel

OXYGEN SYSTEM SERVICING
Oxygen Charging Graph

132
Draining O2
– ensure no connection to high
pressure
- isolated system from high pressure.
- system need to purge after drained
- ensure all safety procedure follow
133
Replacing Tubing Valves
• All parts must be thoroughly clean.

• Only Teflon to be used as sealing tape and NO
other anti-seize compounds to be used.
• Clean pipe removed line by ultrasonic or vapor
degrease.
• Trichloroethylene, acetone or similar cleaning
solvent should be used, dried thoroughly with dry air
or nitrogen before fitment.
134
Replacing Tubing Valves

• Wrapping start after second thread of male thread
• Start from opposite direction of thread.
• wrapping never more than 3 wrapping
When system was opened.

• Require to do Moisture check by impinging O2 on
surface of mirror.
135
Oxygen System Servicing and
Maintenance - REFER TO MM
.
Oxygen leak test with:
- special leak detector.
- compound detection (G50306)
apply with soft brush.
- non oily soap.
136
Oxygen System Servicing and

Maintenance - REFER TO MM
Purging of Oxygen System

– once system opened.
- all O2 mask plug on the outlet and O2 supply
valve turned on and allowed flow for 10 minutes.
- Dilute Demand and Pressure Demand
regulators turn on “EMERGENCY”
- Fill to required pressure.
137
Oxygen System Plumbing

Plumbing & connection
1. Most of the rigid plumbing lines that carry high
pressure oxygen are made of stainless steel or
tungum with silvered soldered end fitting.
2. Thermal compensator act as a heat sink to
prevent excessive temperature built up in the pipe
line from charging point approximately 5 inches
long consists of brush-like
wire element.
1. Low pressure oxygen is made from aluminum

alloy. 138
• OXYGEN SYSTEM SERVICING

Oxygen System Plumbing
- Many valves used in the oxygen system are of

slow opening type to prevent a rapid rush of oxygen
that could cause excessive heat and become fire
hazard.
140
PLUMBING AND CONNECTION

Oxygen Pipeline Symbol
and Identification
- Material -for high pressure is

stainless steel or tungum with
silver soldering end fitting.
-low pressure is aluminum alloy.
-Valves in the O2 system is the slow opening type to
prevent rapid rush.
- OD for high pressure – 3/16 or ¼ inch.
- OD for low pressure – 5/16 inch.
ASSIGMENT 1 AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM

# EXPLAIN ONE OF THE AVAILABLE
COMPLETE WITH SCHEMETIC
DIAGRAM.
- Assignment must be in written format.
142
Practical De-Brief
- Air Craft HS-125 Oxygen System
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
Q&A
150
END OF
OXYGEN SYSTEM
151
Reduction of ‘Partial Pressure’
of the oxygen
- Causes Hypoxia & Anoxia
- Hypoxia – Beginning stage
- reduction in night vision start at 5,000ft.
- reduction in vision day start 8,000ft.
- Effect - Force concentration, fatigue
and headache.
- 14,000ft.- Forget fullness, in-competence.
- Anoxia  oxygen deprivation (cause death)
- above 40,000ft pressure O2 used but create chest pain;
overcome by pressure waistcoats.
152

ANSWERS
• 1) Aircraft and servicing cart – grounded,Vehicle parked – safe
distance. No smoking/open flame. Ensure cleanliness. Do in well
ventilated area.
• 2) Thread lubrication : oxygen compatible thread lube/ teflon tape
for male thread.
• 3) To ensure cleanliness, to prevent dirt/grease/oil.
• 4) Purge a few hours with dry air/ nitrogen.
• 5) A steady stream of liquid flowing out of the vent valve.
• 6) To prevent liquid oxygen freezing in the open position and difficult
to close.
• 7) Purge – to remove air from the line.
• 8) Diluter demand and pressure demand system – placing regulator
in emergency position, allow oxygen to flow for 10 minutes.
154
• 9) Ambient temperature.
• 10) Servicing – leak testing, draining,purging and filling up.
• 11) Sodium chlorate.
• 12) Oxygen.
• 13) Pull the lanyard, thus release the lock pin, striker mechanism
hits the igniter and chemical reaction begin.
• 14) Overhead racks/ seat backs/ bulkhead panels.
• 15) Exposed during cabin depressurization by electrical actuation
(by the flight crew) or automatic actuation of aneroid valve.
• 16) Cabin depressurization/ cabin loss of pressure/ loss of cabin
altitude.
• 17) Solid oxygen generator/ candle.
155
• 18) Chemical oxygen generator, no test required.It only can be

activated/ used.
• 19) Unlimited shelf life, do not require any special storage condition,
inexpensive and lightweight.
• 20) It cannot be stopped until fully depleted/ exhausted.
• 21) Difficulty in handling – more maintenance needed. LOX is not
available to the fixed base operators.
• 22) By using supply evaporator coil that absorb heat thus
transforming liquid into gas.
• 23) It is either : continuous flow type/ diluter demand type/ pressure
demand type.
• 24) Continuous flow : single engine aircraft/ emergency system for
large jet transport aircraft.
156
• 25) Simplicity and low cost.

• 26) Pressure demand and diluter demand – for flight crew.
Continuous flow – for passengers.
• 27) For aircraft operating above 40,000 feet.
• 28) Rebreather mask – continuous flow.
• 29) Incorrect amount of oxygen being supplied. If aircraft altitude
increased, less oxygen being supplied.
• 30) User/ pilot get oxygen when inhaling, no oxygen supply without
inhaling.
• 31) Oxygen being supply with/ without inhaling.
• 32) Cabin air and pure oxygen gas.
• 33) Cabin air.
157
• 34) Thermal discharged.

• 35) As temperature increased, bottle pressure increased. Thermal
relief system activated and vent the excess pressure. If the thermal
relief system failed, the thermal discharge occurred and green disk
ruptured.
• 36) NO.
• 37) Replace discharge mechanism, replace disk and service the
system to the correct pressure.
• 38) Green bottle with white lettering AVIATOR’S BREATHING
OXYGEN.
• 39) Pressure reducing valve ( 300-400 psi ).
• 40) Pressure relief valve is failed.
158
Assignment 1
• Explain in your own words the requirement of oxygen
system in an aircraft.
• Types of oxygen system that commonly found in aircraft.
• Explain the operation of Dilute Demand Oxygen System.
• Elaborate the process and procedure of filling oxygen in
an aircraft.
• State the characteristic of oxygen.
• State the safety procedure when working on aircraft
oxygen system.
(Next week setting a quiz.)
159
• 1.Explain the requirement of suppling oxygen to cabin?

• 2.Name two methods of oxygen producing.
• 3.What are the properties of oxygen.
• 4.What is continuous flow of oxygen system?
• 5.What is dilute demand oxygen system? system?
• 6.Dilute demand regulator has 3 lever; name the lever and their
controls.
• 7.Gaseous oxygen usually are charge up to what pressure?
• 8.How to check pressure of portable oxygen bottle?
• 9.When working on oxygen system what must you ensure for
safety?
160

Aircraft Oxygen, Air-Conditioning and Pressurization Systems

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Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

4. Perform Inspection (P3) and Analyse (C4) findings

EASA Ref No 11.15 4

AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SUPPLY

AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM

AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM

• Why does aircraft need to have

PRESSURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE

Oxygen contents varies with altitude -

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE FOR

Requirement Of Good Air

Rate Of Oxygen Supply

Physiological Effects of Altitude Feet

# Maximum altitude at which sea level

# Maximum allowable altitude without pressure

EASA Ref No 11.15 19

Effects of oxygen shortage

PURPOSE OF A/C OXYGEN SYSTEMS

• Oxygen – to offset effects of hypoxia and

EASA Ref No 11.15 21

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE FOR

- OSMOSIS - ACTION OF OXYGEN CHANGING

E.G - Sea Level = 23.15 X 14.7 = 3.4psi

8,000 ft = 23.15 X 11 = 2.5psi

CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING

CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING

Early symptom of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning :

EASA Ref No 11.15 35

CHEMICAL / SOLID OXYGEN GENERATOR SYSTEMS

• Used in many large a/c.

EASA Ref No 11.15 36

CHEMICAL / SOLID OXYGEN GENERATOR SYSTEMS

Portable Oxygen Tanks

Portable Oxygen Tanks

Portable Oxygen Tanks

PORTABLE OXYGEN SETS

Passenger Portable Oxygen Unit

EASA Ref No 11.15 44

EASA Ref No 11.15 45

EASA Ref No 11.15 46

Aircraft Liquid Oxygen

Aircraft Liquid Oxygen

LIQUID OXYGEN (LOX)

• Example pressure in the built up line

EASA Ref No 11.15 49

LIQUID OXYGEN SYSTEM OPERATION

c) Pressure demand – above 40,000ft

AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEM (Continuous Flow)

EASA Ref No 11.15 54

Diluter Demand Regulator

TYPICAL AIRCRAFT GASEOUS

Diluter Demand Regulator

TYPICAL AIRCRAFT OXYGEN SYSTEMS

Continuous flow / Constant Flow system.

EASA Ref No 11.15 69

Diluter Demand System

Continuous flow regulator.

Continuous flow / Constant Flow system.

GASEOUS OXYGEN SYSTEM REGULTOR S

# Pressure regulator reduces the pressure

Diluter Demand System

EASA Ref No 11.15 76