Salmonellosis

Ahmad Al-Majali, DVM, PhD

Infectious diseases
 Etiology:
Cattle: S. typhimurium,
S. dublin, S. newport
Sheep and goats: S.
typhimurium, S. dublin,
S. anatum
Horses: S. typhimurium,
S. anatum, S. newport,
S. enteritidis
Salmonella pathogenesis
 Epidemiology:
Occurrence:
– Worldwide in all animal speciesSource
– Prevalence in dairy herd is about 20%
– Occurs as either sporadic cases or outbreak
Source and Transmission:
– Fecal contamination of feed, pasture, water and
utensils
– Carrier animals (latent or active)
S. typhimurium does not persist for long time
S. dublin---- long persistent
Risk Factors:
– Transport, cold, wet weather
– Inadequate food intake
Importance:
– Vary with serotypes
S. dublin more important --- persist longer
– Zoonoses
 Clinical Findings:
Septicemia:
– Common in neonatal foals and calves up to 4
months of age
– Depression and recumbency
– High fever
– Survivors may develop enteritis, arthritis
Acute enteritis:
– Common in adults
– High fever
– Profuse, fluid diarrhea,
bloody with mucous and
putrid smell
– Sever dehydration
– Tachycardia
– Congested MM
– Abortion
– Death after 3-5 days if not
treated.
Chronic enteritis:
– Common in pigs
– Occasional cases in
caves and foals
– Intermittent and
persistent diarrhea
– Weight loss and
emaciation
 Clinical Pathology
Bacterial culture using blood or feces
Identification of carriers require feces
culture in 2 weeks interval
PCR
Serological tests
Diff. leukocytes counts
 Necropsy Findings
Septicemia: Acute enteritis:
– Extensive subserous, – Mucoenteritis
submucosal – Hemorrhagic enteritis
petechiation – With S. dublin there is
Chronic enteritis: abomasalitis
– Discrete area of – Watery intestinal
necrosis in cecum and contents with mucous
colon and blood
– Chronic pneumonia in – Enlarged mesenteric
some LNs
– Inflamed gall bladder
 Treatment
Risk of creating carriers
Massive treatments may lead to antibiotic
resistant strains
Oral treatment with antibiotics
Chosing the best antibacterial drug:
– Calves:
Trimethoprim with sulpha
Ampicillin
– Foals:
Ampicillin
Gentamicin
 Control
Introduction of the disease:
– Calves are big risk if purchased very young
– Avoid processing bout-in animals in the farm
– Quarantine of purchased animals with testing
Restraining spread within herd:
– Cull carriers
– Prophylactic with antibiotics
– Speration of infected animals or groups
– All-in-all-out policy when possible
– Proper disposal of carcases
Transportation management
Vaccination:
– MLV or killed vaccine at 2 months of age
– Passive with killed ---- 2 times before calving