CHAPTER 8

FORCE AND MOTION

3
 Content
1.Force
2.Measuring Force
3.Application of Frictional Force 7.4
Application of the Concept of Work 7.5
Application of the Concept of Power 7.6
The Importance of Force in Daily Life

2
 What is force ?
• Push and pull upon an object.

3
ALMOST EVERY ACTIVITY THAT WE DO IN OUR DAILY LIFE USES
FORCE.

CAN YOU NAME IT?

 Types of forces
1. Frictional force
2. Gravitational force
3. Normal force
4. Buoyant force
5. Weight
6. Elastic force

6
 Frictional force
• The force that resists the movement
between two surfaces that are in contact
with each other.

7
 2. Gravitational force
• The force of attraction that causes objects
to falls towards the Earth.

fizik- 8
fizik.blogspot.com
 Buoyant force
• The thrust force acting on an object that
is floating on the surface of a fluid.

8
 Elastic force
• Exist when a material is stretched or
compressed.

9
 The weight
• The weight of an object is defined as the
gravitational force acting on it

10
 Normal force
• The force produced when an object is in
contact with surface.

10
Types of forces DEFINITION

Normal force

Elastic force

Buoyant force

Frictional force

Gravitational force

Weight
Activity 8.2
Measuring Force

11
 Characteristic of Force
• Force is a vector quantity that has
magnitude and direction.
• A force can be measured using a
spring balance.

• The unit of force is Newton (N).

1kg = 10N
100g =1N

12
 Weight Vs Gravity
• The weight of an object depends on the pull
of gravity
• The force of gravity on the moon is only one-
sixth of the force of gravity on earth
• Thus, the same object will have different
weight on earth and the moon

fizik- 13
fizik.blogspot.com
 Action-reaction Pair

• Newton’s Third Law states that every action force,

there is a reaction force of the same magnitude but
in the opposite direction.

12
Weight and mass

fizik-fizik.blogspot.com 14
 8.2 EFFECT OF FORCE

The effects of a force include:

a) force changes the shape of an object.

b) force changes the position of an object.

c) force changes the speed of a moving object.

d) force changes the direction of a moving object.

E) force changes the size of an object

f) force can moves a stationary object.

 Buoyant Force

1.Meaning:The thrust force acting on an object that is

floating on the surface of a fluid.

2. Actual weight: weight of an object in the air

3.Apparent weight: weight of an object immersed in fluid

Buoyant force = actual weight – apparent weight

 Buoyant Force

1. An object will float on water if the buoyant force acts

on it is enough to support its weight.

2. Buoyant force is a force that acts on the object when

the object completely submerged in water.
Activity 8.4 textbook page 177
The concept of density
Density and buoyant effect
 LEVER
1. A lever is a bar that rotates on a fixed point.
2. A lever is a simple machine.
3. A lever allows us to use minimal force to
do work.
Purpose of a lever:
1. A lever allows us to do work easily.
2. A lever allows us to use minimal force to do
work.
Classes of lever
 First Class Lever
• In a first class lever , the Fulcrum is between the effort
and the load.

5pg
 Second class lever
• In a and the effort. second lever , the Load is between
the fulcrum

6pg
 Third Class Lever
• In a third class lever , the Effort is between the fulcrum
and the load.

7pg
 Moment of force

1. The moment of force is the turning effect of

force on an object.
2. Formula:
Moment of force = Force (N) x perpendicular
distance to the force (m).

3. The moment of force increase if:

a) Magnitude of force increases.
b) perpendicular distance from pivot (fulcrum) to
effort increases.
Moment of force in daily life
Unit = Newton meter (Nm).
 The Principle Of Levers
Load(N) x The distance of load = Force or x The distance of
from the fulcrum Effort(N) effort from the
(m) fulcrum (m)
Example of the principle of lever
Exercise
1. calculate the weight of Ali needed to keep the see-saw
in balanced if the weight of Abu is 280 N.

Ali Abu
Pressure
Exercise
AIR PRESSURE

Produces when the air around

us presses on the surfaces of
the objects that are in it.
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
1. The gas particles move freely in all directions.
2. The particles continuously hit the walls of the container
and bounce back.
3. A force is exerted by the particles on the walls of the
container.
4. This force produces a pressure on the walls of the
container.
FACTORS AFFECTING AIR PRESSURE IN A
CLOSED CONTAINER
FACTOR RELATIONSHIP EXPLANATION
• The air particles
move in a smaller
space
•More particles hit the
Volume decreases, walls of container
Volume Air pressure •Larger force is
increases produced
•Higher pressure acts
on the wall
1. The reading on the bourdon gauge increases when the syringe is
pushed.
2. the reading on the Bourdon gauge decreases when the syringe is
pulled.
3. as the volume increases, the air pressure decreases.
FACTOR RELATIONSHIP EXPLANATION
•Air particles move
faster
•More particles hit the
walls of container
Temperature •Larger force is
increases, produced
Temperature •Higher pressure acts
Air pressure
increases on the wall
1. The reading of Bourdon gauge shows the total
pressure in that container.
2. as the temperature increases, the air pressure
increases.
Atmospheric pressure
• Meaning: the pressure exerted by the atmosphere on the surface
of the Earth and all object on the Earth.
 PRINCIPLE OF AIR PRESSURE

Air will flow from a region of higher air

pressure to a region of lower air pressure.
This movement of air is caused by a force
acting in the direction of higher to lower air
pressure.
 PRINCIPLE OF AIR PRESSURE

If a surface lies between two regions of different air

pressures, a force will act on the surface in the direction of
higher to lower air pressure.
APPLICATION OF THE
PRINCIPLE OF AIR PRESSURE
 SYRINGE
When the piston is pulled
upwards, the volume of air
in the barrel increases
The air pressure in it is
reduced
The higher outside pressure
forces the water through
the needle into the barrel
 SYPHON

The bent tube is filled with water (syphon) has

low pressure in it.
The higher outside pressure pushes the water into
the tube.
The water flows out of the tube.
DRINKING STRAW

Sucking removes the air inside the straw

producing low pressure.
The higher pressure outside pushes the water
into the straw.
POURING MILK FROM CAN

When the milk flows out of the can, the pressure inside
the can is reduced.
The second hole allows air to enter the can and fill up
the empty space producing equals air pressure inside and
outside the can.
The equal pressure enable the milk to flow continuously
out of the can.
 SUCTION PUMP / PLUNGER

When the plunger is pushed down, the air under the

rubber sucker is force out and reduce the air pressure.
When the plunger is pull, the volume of air under the
rubber sucker increases and further reduce the air
pressure.
The higher external air pressure pushes and loosens the
blockage which will then flow out with the water.
Air pressure is higher at sea level than on top of mountain
Effect of Depth on liquid pressure
1. An object in a liquid experience pressure.
2. This is because the weight of the liquid acts on the whole object,
exerting pressure on it.
3. This pressure increase as the depth increases.
Aim: to study the effect of depth on pressure in water.

Observation: the size of air bubbles increases as they move upwards to the
surface of the water.
Effect of Depth on liquid pressure
Effects of depth on liquid pressure in daily life.

1. The wall of dam

The walls of the dam are built and designed wider at the base to
hold water which has a high pressure at its base.
2.Submarine
The body of the submarine is made of strong material to
withstand high water pressure so that it would not crushed.
 GAS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE

Gas can be changed to liquid (liquefied gases) when they are

compressed under high pressure.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN
HANDLING GAS UNDER HIGH
PRESSURE