TOPIC 3

MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPE

Natural Landforms found along

plate boundaries

YEAR: 8C
 Three types of plate movement

1. CONVERGENT
• Moving towards each other

2. DIVERGENT
• Moving away from each other

3. TRANSFORM
• Sliding past each other
 ?

The Arenal Volcano of Costa Rica

Country: Central America
 VOLCANO
What is a volcano??
Parts of a volcano

How a volcano is formed

Classification of volcanoes
 WHAT IS A VOLCANO?

A volcano is a mountain that forms

when magma reaches the surface
of the Earth.
PARTS OF A VOLCANO:

ASH AND GAS CLOUD

CRATER

LAVA
VENT

MAGMA
 Let’s watch a video 
http://activities.macmillanmh.com/science/
ca/scienceinmotion/Common/SIM.html?
Module=../Grade4/Chapter5-
VolcanoFormation/
 HOW A VOLCANO IS FORMED
1. When magma reaches the Earth’s
surface through a crack in the crustal
rock, it starts flowing on the surface.
This is called lava.

2. The lava then cools and hardens

itself as a layer around the opening

3. Over a period of time, more and more

lava flows builds up layers over the first
layer. Eventually, they will form into a
cone-shaped mountain called volcano
 How are they different?

1 2

3
 CLASSIFICATION OF A VOLCANO:
• Volcanoes can be classified into three types
according to how often they have erupted over
time. They are:

ACTIVE DORMANT EXTINCT

 1. ACTIVE
• Definition: a volcano that is CURRENTLY
ERUPTING or is likely to erupt soon.
• Example: Mt. Merapi in Java Indonesia
 Mt.
Merapi

Mt. Merapi before eruption

•Erupting from 1992 to
2002
•Large explosion in 1994
(43 people killed)
•Erupted again in 2006
Mt. Merapi during the 1994 eruption
 2. DORMANT

• A volcano that is PRESENTLY INACTIVE

but MAY ERUPT in the future.
• Example: Mt. Pinatubo in the
Philippines
1.Mt. Pinatubo before eruption 2. Mt. Pinatubo during the 1991
eruption

•Latest eruption: 1992

•Largest eruption: 15th june 1991
•722 deaths
•the world’s largest volcanic eruption

3. Mt. Pinatubo right after the in nearly 80 years.

1991 eruption
 3. EXTINCT

• A volcano that is NOT EXPECTED to

ERUPT again.
• Example: Mt. Kilimanjaro, in Kenya.
•The last major eruption was
360,000 years ago

•most recent activity: 200

years ago
 Class activity 
• What is a volcano?

A mountain
______that forms when ________
magma
reaches the surface of the earth
 How does a volcano formed?
Rearrange
The lava then cools and hardens itself as a layer around the
A opening

Over a period of time, more and more lava flows builds up layers

B over the first layer. Eventually, they will form into a cone-shaped
mountain called volcano

First, When magma reaches the Earth’s surface through a crack in

C the crustal rock, it starts flowing on the surface. This is called
lava.

Answer: C  A  B
 D) ASH AND GAS CLOUD

C) CRATER

E) LAVA
B) VENT

A) MAGMA
 What am I?

“ I am inactive and sleeping…but

I might erupt again…what type of volcano am I?”

DORMANT VOLCANO
 What am I?
“ I am angry and will erupt soon. What type
of volcano am I?”

ACTIVE VOLCANO
 What am I?

“ I am on indefinite leave and may not erupt

again…what type of volcano am I?”

EXTINCT VOLCANO
What is a volcano? Parts of a volcano
- mountain 1. Magma
2. Vent
- formed: magma reaches the 3. Crater
surface of the earth 4. Lava
5. Ash and gas cloud

VOLCANO

How a volcano is formed? Classification of volcanoes

1. Magma rises up
1. Active
2. Cools down and solidified
2. Dormant
3. After a period of time: builds up layer.
3. extinct
Thus: cone shaped volcano is formed
 Fun Games and Activities

• http://activities.macmillanmh.com/science/ca/scienceinmotion/Co
mmon/SIM.html?Module=../Grade4/Chapter5-VolcanoFormation/

• http://www.mhschool.com/mmh_games/content/science_CA/grad
e04/unit_b/ch05/index.html

• http://activities.macmillanmh.com/science/ca/grade4/g4_ch5_ls3_
ereview.html

• http://www.neok12.com/Volcanoes.htm

• http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/activities/volcano
 Next lesson:

• Major volcanoes of the world

• The effects of volcanic eruption