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Laivo Stovumas Angliskai
Laivo Stovumas Angliskai
Stability
PETRAS PIKSRYS
SHIP’S STABILITY
• SHIP’S STABILITY IS
THE TENDENCY OF
SHIP TO ROTARE ONE
WAY OR THE OTHER
WHEN FORCIBLY
INCLINED
WHAY IS STABILITY IS SO
IMPORTENT ?
IMPORTENT !!
• D0Z0+P1Z1+P2Z2+…….+PnZn
• Zg =
• D0 + P1 +P2 + …….. + Pn
SHIP’S STABILITY CALCULATING
• Zg critical CURVE
6.60
6.50
6.40
Zg critical
6.30
6.20
6.10
STABILITY
INITIAL OVERALL
DYNAMIC
STABILITY
W1 C1
C
INITIAL METACENTRIC
FORMULA
M=D lst Qst
m
lst=hsinQ h
M=D h sin Q lst
G D
Vg
C1
C
SHIP’S STABILITY
CALCULATING
• Initial stability calculating by ship’s
stability triangle
• Calculating formula lst= h sinQ
• Overall stability calculating by
hydrostatic ship’s body formula lf
• Dynamic stability is the area under
the static stability curve
• Dynamic stability also potential
energy available to return the ship to
the upringing
STABILITY TRIANGLE
m
lst =hsin Q
l f
h Q
l st
G Vg
D
C1
lf
C
PHANTACORENS
lf
2.8
80 90
2.4 70
60
AR M S lf
1.6
50
40
1.2
30
0.8
20
0.4 10
IMPORTENT !
m
h L
W G
a
a
C
MAIN STABILITY POINTS
Q
Wo LO
a G
W1 C C1
SHIP’S STABILITY
METACENTER
C0
SHIP’S STABILITY
h
L
W G
r0
a
C
Three states of static equilibrium
m G
G m
a b c
POSITIVE SHIP’S STABILITY
h
m L1
W G L
W1
C C1
SHIP’S STABILITY CURVE
h
57, 3
Q Q
NEUTRAL SHIP’S STABILITY
Gm L
W
C C1
SHIP’S STABILITY
Q
NEGATIVE SHIP’S STABILITY
G L1
h
W m L
C1
W1 C
NEGATIVE SHIP’S STABILITY
h=-0
Mst
Qst
57.3
-h
STABILITY CONDITIONS
The positions of Gravity and the Metacenter will indicate the initial stability
of a ship.
Following damage, the ship will assume one of the following three stability
conditions:
1. POSITIVE STABILITY. The metacenter is located above
the ship’s center of gravity.
As the ship is inclined, Righting Arm are created which tend
to return the ship to it’s original, vertical position.
2. NEUTRAL STABILITY. The metacenter and the ship’s
center of gravity are in the same location. As the ship is inclined
. there are no returing moment.
3. NEGATIVE STABILITY. The ship,s center of gravity is
above the metacenter.
As the ship is inclined, negative Righting Arms (called upsetting
arms) are created which tend to capsize the ship.
OVERALL
METACENTRIC FORMULA
M
M=( lf —lst)D
• h=Zm - ZG m L1
G lst
W0 L0
Vg
D
C1 Zm
lf ZG
W1 C
M- UPSERTING MOMENT
METACENTRIC HIGHT
METACENTRIC HIGHT IS FIRST DERIVATIVE SHIP”S
STABILITY CURVE
Mst
lst
h
Q
57,3
METACENTER HEIGHT
Metacenter height GM is a determine of ship’s
stability curve
• m L1
W h L
G
C1
W1
C
W L
SHIP’S DYNAMIC STABILITY
• DYMAMIC MOMENT
M
MDYNAMIC
MOMENT
Q
SHIP’S STABILITY
Q
SHIP’S DYNAMIC STABILITY
S1
S=Mdyn
Mdyn
Mdyn
Q
DYNAMIC STABILITY
The dynamic stability is the area under the curve in metre-radians
Multiplated by the ship,s displacement in tonnes. It is areas under
the GZ
Curve which are required for checking stability criteria which
depending
Upon the ship,s data may be expressed in metre-degrees or
metre-radians.
The area unde GZ curve also the potential energy available to
return the
Ship to the upringht.
Principle of conservation of energy, the potential energy
in converted into
Rotation energy as the ship moves towards the upright.
DYNAMIC STABILITY
Mst CURVE
Mst Mdin
Md
Q Q
max
STABILITY ELEMENTS
THE LAW OF BUOYANCY
THE LAW OF GRAVITY
STABILITY REFERENCE POINTS
LINEAR MESURMENTS IN STABILITY
THE STABILITY TRIANGLE
RIGHTING MOMENT
STATIC STABILITY CURVE
DYNAMIC STABILITY CURVE
ROLLING PERIOD
Learning Objectives
• Comprehend the concepts of hydrostatics, buoyancy,
and Archimedes' principle
• Comprehend static equilibrium of a floating vessel and
the relationship of the centers of gravity and buoyancy
to righting arms and stability
• Comprehend and identify positive, negative and
neutral conditions of stability
• Comprehend the effects of movements of the centers of
gravity and buoyancy on vessel stability
• Know how ship's stability curves are derived and
comprehend their use in determining stability
condition
Definitions
• Draft
• Freeboard
• Depth of hull
• Reserve buoyancy
• List / Trim
SHIP’S HULL MARKINGS
W L RESERVE BOYANCY
DISPLACEMENT
FREE BOARD
• DRAFT
TF
FREE BOARD
F S
WL
WNA
DRAFT
W L
DRAFT
Buoyancy
• Archimedes' principle
• Calculations of displacement (W)
• The effect of salt water and fresh water
on displacement (relate to draft)
[1/35 vs 1/36]
Archimede’s principle
BOYAD
ARCHIMEDE’S FORCE
W G
L
Vg
SHIP’S BUOYANCY
• D=V*g
L
W G
D
V*g
C
ARCHIMEDES FORCE
PLIMSOL MARKS (Load lines)
XVII
XVI
XV
XIV
XIII
DRAFT IN METRES
• 1 ft = 0.3048 m
44
42
40
38
36
SHIP’S HULL MARKINGS
GRAVITY
The force of gravity acts vertically downward through the ship’s center
Of gravity. The magnitude of the force depends on the ship’s total weight.
MOMENT
The endency of a force to produce a rotation about a pivot point.
This works like a torque wrench acting on a bolt.
DISPLACEMENT
• D=DLS + DS + DC
• D – Displacement
• DLS – Weight light ship
• DS - Weight supply
• DC - Weight cargo
GRAVITY
• THE FORCE OF GRAVITY ACTS VERTICALY
DOWNWARD THROUGHT THE SHIP”S CENTER OF
GRAVITY
W G
D= DL+DC+DS L
SHIP’S STABILITY
• METACENTER MOMENT
=UPSERTING MOMENT
M = D h sin O
RIGHTING MOMENT
h M=Dh sinQ
G Vg
D
C1
C0
GRAVITY
• D=Vg
D
W L
G
Vg
Application of following terms to
overall stability
(a)Couple
(d)Upsertting moment
DEFINITIONS
Couple. Since the forces of buoyancy and gravity are equal and act
along parallel lines, but in opposite directions, a rotation is developed
Foctors involed:
Using curves,find
(a) Maximum rigting
arm (GZ) GZ=h
(b) Angle of heel where
maximum GZ arm ocurs
l static maximum
(c) Range of critical
stability Q critical
SHIP’S STABILITY
l static max
h Q
57.3
Q critical
STATIC STABILITY CURVE
When a ship is inclined through all angles of
heel,and the
righting arm for each angle is measured, the
statical stability curve is produced. This
curve is a “snapshot”of the ship’s stability at
that particular loading condition.Much
information can be obtained from this curve,
including:
1. Range of Stability: This ship will generate Righting
Arms when inclined from 0 deg. Till to approximately 74
dg.
2. Maximum Righting Arm: The angle of inclination
where the maximum Righting Arm occurs
3. Danger Angle:One half the angle of the maximum
Righting Arms.
DRAFT DIAGRAM AND FUNCTIONS
OF FORM
V
Zc r
Xf
D
S
FUNCTIONS
COUPLE
m
M=D h sin Q
h Q
l st
G Vg
D
C1
C
PLIMSOL DISC
TF
F T
WNA
LIST
Q L1
Q Lo
WO
W1
ROLLING PERIOD
CB
• SHIP”S STABILITY AND ROLLING PERIOD
T=
h
W L
ROLLING PERIOD
The rolling period of the ship’s dependenced from ship’s stability. The formula
Between ship,s stability and rolling :
T = c*B/sqr GM
In this formula:
T – rolling period in sec.
c - constanta
B – the ship’s beam to outside of hull.
HOWEVER, for all lagers ships Lloyd’s Register of shipping and the 1991 HMSO
Code of Practice for Ro-Ro ships use c= 0.7
SHIP’S STABILITY VARIATIONS
• LOADING CARGO
m0
h0
G0
C0
G0
C1
C0
• MOVING CARGO
m0
h0
G0
C0
• MOVING CARGO
P2
P1 m0
h0
G0
C0
h0 h1
G0
G1
C0
P1 P2
• MOVING CARGO
m0
h0
G0
C0
P1 P2
• MOVING CARGO P2
P1 m0
h1
G1 h0
G0
C0
• LOADING CARGO
m
h0
h1
G0 G1 L0
W0
C0
SHIP’S STABILITY VARIATIONS
G0
W0 L0
C0
P0
M Moment liquid
L1
G0
Q
W0 L0
C1
W1 C0
P1
P1
SHIP’S STABILITY VARIATIONS
M1
• FREE LIQUID AREA
Y1
Q1 P1 M2
Y2
P2
M2>M1 Q2 Q2>Q1
Mcargo
• HANGING CARGO Q
lz
W0 L1
L0
P
W1
W1
W L
TAF L1
TF
TAf
SHIP’S TRIM DIAGRAM
m
9
D
=1
8 90
8m
2 00
c= 18
t
X 0
7 00
m t
30 17
m 16 00
6 32 00
0t 0
15 t
m 00
34 0t
5 m 14
0
36 00
t
m
4 10 38 0m
00 4
90 0t m
3 80 00 42 m
0 t
70 0t 44
00
m
2 t
46
m
48
1 Tf
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 m
SHIP’S TRIM DIAGRAM
Dt
TA
4000 6
f=
f=
T 6.
6.
3600 8m 0m
4m
5.
5.
4m
3200 6m
5.
0m
4.
5.
2800 8m
5.
m2
6m
4.
2400
4
4.
3. m
8 4
1600 m 4.
m
3.
0
4. 2m
0m
2m
1200 .
6m
3.
3.
3
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 Xc m
0
SHIP’S STABILITY VARIATIONS
TRIM
Trim means different between draft fore TF and draft aft TAF
W1
W L
lx
TAF L1
P
TF
DH
SHIP’S STABILITY VARIATIONS
TRIM
Trim means different between draft fore TF and draft aft TAF
P lx
d= L
DH
W1
W L
TAF0 P P L1
TAF1 lx d
TF0 TF1
L
Q L1
Q Lo
WO
W1
SHIP’S STABILITY VARIATIONS
LIST
Lo
WO
LIST
ly
P P
L1
WO Q Lo
W1
tg Q = P ly
Dh
SHIP’S LIST AFTER SHIFTING CARGO