Regional Destination Patterns

Regional Destination Patterns

 Certain factors gave rise to International
tourist destination patterns which represent un
even destination and growth of the global
tourism
 - Needs to study International stay-over’s arrivals by
region and sub-region
 - A destination receiving 100000 stay-over’s per year
with an average stay of 10 nights, has a greater level of
tourism intensity than a destination that receives 200000
stay over’s per year with an average of 3 nights (600000
visitors for night)
 International Stayovers arrivals by regions
 Region Arrivals % of arrivals Population % of World Population

 Europe 383777 60.4 871283 14.8

 The Americans 119521 18.8 808185 13.7

 East Asia / Pacific87428 13.7 1994354

33.7

 Africa 24950 3.9 677604 11.5

 The Middle East 15092 2.4 163769 2.8

 South Asia 5219 0.8 1385852 23.5

 Total 635987 100.00 5951047

100.00
 Europe
 Over represented destination Region 15% of world
population but 60% of its stayovers
 6 of the top 10
 17 of the top 30 destinations are in Europe
 Convenient for International travel
 Excellent infrastructure facilities with open boarder system
 Euro as a common currency – no botheration for forex
 Excellent services
 Out standing destinations both natural and cultural
 Political and economical stability
 Market image as safe and rewarding experience Intensity of
tourism activity in Western Europe
 Move to north and eastern peripherals of Europe is diminishing
 The Americans are over represented as a RD
relative to its population
 North Americas: the US, Mexico, and Canada
 Accounts for 7% of the Global Population but 14% of all
stayovers
 80% of Inbound tourists to Canada are from the US only
 Canadians account for 1/3rd of all arrivals to US because of
proximity and 98% of Canadians reside within a one day drive to
the US and
 Strong cultural assets
 Complimentary of attractions, i.e. Americans seeking the open
spaces f Canada, and Canadians traveling to the American sunbelt
during winter
 Good two way infrastructural and
 Political accessibility and a
 Highly political and social situation in both the countries
 Absence of other countries sharing a common band with moray
 Mexico South and Central America
Mexico

 Diverse array of well articulated tourism sectors like 3S Tourism,

 Cultural Tourism
 Cross Border excursions and
 VFR Tourism
South and Central America

 Under represented as tourist Destinations, because

 South America is isolated from the Major origin regions of
North America and Europe
 Poor accessibility
 Lack of International standard tourism services
 Prolonged political instability
 Economic uncertainty during 70’s and 80’s
 The Caribbean & East Asia / Pacific

The Caribbean
 One of the most tourism intensive sub-region because
 Rich potential for 3S tourism
 Accessibility and proximity to US & Canada over representations
 0.6% of the worlds population but 205% of stayovers
 Simple most important region for cruise ship industry
 Caribbean SISO Ds such as Bahamas, Antiqua and Saint Lucea are the most
tourism dependent countries

East Asia / Pacific

 Reverse to Europe’s situation

 NE Asia – Underrepresented
 By 1996 China and Hong Kong accessed for 3/4th of the sub-region’s
tourist arrivals
 Only 303 visitors were allowed to China in 1968
 The 1970’s onwards inbound tourists increased form 60 in 1979 to 1068 by 1994
 South East Asia & Oceania
SE Asia

 Diverse internal sub regions pattern with Malaysia, Singapore and

Thailand, displayed the most developed tourism sectors while
Cambodia and Loas remain in an incipient phase
 The above 3 countries benefited from the presence of Major Tourist markets,
positive market image, Pro-tourism policies by Govt.
 Indonesia was badly effected by political and social instability by 1990’s

Oceania

 Isolated from Major tourism markets, but facilitated by

 High profile natural attractions
 Favorable exchange rates against the Major currencies
 South Pacific is over represented / accounted for about 0.13% of global
population, but 0.5% of stayovers
 Oceania is a sub-region of the pleasure periphery
 Historic and contemporary political and economical linkages dictate the nature of
tourism system
 Africa
 Displays high discrepancy between the population share and
stayovers share
 Under representation by the negative image
 Foreign exchange constraints
 Chronic political instability
 Lack of skilled lab an to develop tourism industry
 Weak frame work of planning & management
 Wide spread corruption
 Distance from major markets
 High crime rate
 Poor infrastructure
 Wide spread diseases such as AIDS
 However – Tourism in the North Africa is fuelled by
3S(Tourism)
 The Middle East
The Middle East
 Only region with population is equivalent to
stayovers
 Egypt, UAR, and Jordan have strong tourism
industries
 Saudi Arabia is unique as most stay over’s
Muslim Pilgrims visiting Mecca.
 Tourism is insignificant in Yemen and Libya
 Almost nil in Iraq
 The entire Middle East is disproportionately
harmed by the tourism Sep 11,.2001
 South Asia
 Most underrepresented with 23% of world population but less
than 1% of stayovers
 Majority of the traffic is by just India
 Regional political and social, instability
 On going civil wars in Afghanistan
 Boarder clashes between India – Pakistan
 Massacre of Nepal’s royal family in 2001
 Spread of Maoist insurgency
 Tourist activity in Srilanka
 Negative market image because of
 Wild spread poverty
 Rudimentary level of infrastructure and services
 Relative remoteness to major market regions
 Australia’s share of inbound is increase from
0.15% in 1965 0.67% in 1999
 Effected by rise of oil prices, economic recessions in the major
markets
 High growth rate from 1980’s and 1990’s because of
 Good conditions in major market economics
 Staging of high profile events such as
 The 1988 bicentennial of European
 The international exposition in Brisbane in the same year
 Strong growth of inbound arrivals in 1990’s is due to Robert
domestic economic growth
 However, Australians reputation for tolerance, especially in Asia
was negatively affected by the success of the right wing one nation
of party
 Widely perceived as anti – Asian, this result led to cancellation of
bookings by clients in Taiwan and other Asian countries Felt that
travel in Australia was not safe
 Internal Destinations Patterns (IDPs)

 Spatial distribution of tourism at a sub national level

is Uneven.
 Eg. Water based resources such as coast limes, lake,
rivers and waterfalls are considered potentially
attractive in Mauritius
 The Australian Pattern:
 New santh Wales and queen land accent for 60% of
visitor nights in both inbound and domestic
 Inbound Tourism is highly concerted along the cast
lime (from carves to Sydney)
 Domestic tourism is evenly distributed
 The Destination Selection Process
process where by
 Need to understand the

tourist arrive at a decision to visit one or

more destinations. It depends upon the
 Design and distribution of brochures and
maps, leisure / recreation tourists
 There are many destination section models
 The selection process begins with
 The decision to travel which is driven by a combination
of the “Push” factors and the potential tourists
personality, motivations, culture, prior life experience,
gender, health and education
 The next stage involves-
– the evaluation of potential destinations from an
awareness set of all places known to the decision – maker
– places known to past visitors through reading, media or
word of mouth exchange as well as
– new places that emerge from subsequent information
search..,
– this search thro evaluation, is filtered by the
characteristics listed in box A as well -as
– push factors such as income, available time and family
size
The final selection focuses on an affordable, politically
stable and accessible destination with many
internship attractions and a culture similar to that of
the decision maker
Most consumers reach a final decision after the serious
consideration of 3 to 5 options
A decision could make as to which specific country to
visit (eg. Indonesia), but uncertainty may continue
as to which destinations to visit within that
country
 Multiplier Decision makers

 Some times the destination selection process is further

complicated by the fact that more than one person is
often involved in the decision making process
 Purchase decisions both before and during the trip therefore tend to
require more time, as they often represent a compromise among
group members
 Young children are an interesting factor in the decision making
process, since they do not have much of an actual say, but excise a
strong influence over their parents decisions because of their
special needs and wants
 10% of inbound tourists to Australia in 1999 consisted of family
groups that included parents and children