PUMPS

GROUP 4
PUMPS

• A PUMP IS A DEVICE THAT MOVES FLUIDS (LIQUIDS OR GASES),

OR SOMETIMES SLURRIES, BY MECHANICAL ACTION. PUMPS
CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO THREE MAJOR GROUPS ACCORDING
TO THE METHOD THEY USE TO MOVE THE FLUID: DIRECT LIFT,
DISPLACEMENT, AND GRAVITY PUMPS.
FUNCTION OF PUMPS
• FUNCTION OF THE PUMP IS TO RAISE PRESSURE OF FLUID AND
IMPART DESIRABLE VELOCITY. SO THAT FLUID MAY BE
TRANSPORTED FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER. MORE IS THE
VELOCITY THE MORE IS THE FLOW RATE AND HENCE LESS TIME
REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORTATION. HOWEVER WE KNOW THAT
HEAD LOSS IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE SQUARE OF
FLOW VELOCITY. IT THEREFORE REQUIRES PRESSURE OF THE
FLUID AT THE OUTLET OF THE PUMP TO BE MORE TO OVERCOME
THESE LOSSES.
• THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THE PUMP IS TO RAISE THE PRESSURE,
NOT THE VELOCITY OF THE FLUID.
USES OF PUMPS

• A PUMP IS USED TO RAISE PRESSURE OF LIQUIDS.

• IT CAN HANDLE ANY KIND OF LIQUID, EVEN CONTAMINATED
WITH SOLID PARTICULATES TO SOME EXTENT.
• IN POWER PLANTS, PUMPS ARE USED TO HANDLE ASH SLURRY
MADE WITH WATER, WHICH IS HIGHLY EROSIVE IN NATURE.
• IN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, IT IS USED TO HANDLE CORROSIVE
FLUIDS.
TYPES OF PUMPS
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

• AXIAL PUMP
• DIAGONAL PUMP
• RADIAL PUMP
• SIDE CHANNEL PUMP
• REGENERATIVE TURBINE PUMP
AXIAL PUMP

ARE USED FOR THE PROMOTION

OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS AND
ARE EMPLOYED FOR LARGE VOLUME
FLOWS AT RELATIVELY LOW
DELIVERY HEADS.
DIAGONAL PUMP

ARE USED TO PUMP INCOMPRESSIBLE

FLUIDS AT MEDIUM VOLUME FLOWS
AND DELIVERY HEADS.
RADIAL PUMP

ARE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN WHICH

THE FLUID IS PUMPED PERPENDICULARLY
TO THE PUMP SHAFT.
SIDE CHANNEL PUMP

FILL THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE VOID BETWEEN

THE POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP AND CENTRIFUGAL
PUMPS. SIDE CHANNEL PUMPS ARE USED FOR LOW
FLOW AND HIGH HEAD APPLICATIONS.
REGENERATIVE TURBINE PUMP

ARE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS FOR PUMPING

PURE LIQUIDS. THEY ARE USED WHERE GREAT
DELIVERY HEADS ARE REQUIRED WITH SMALL
VOLUME FLOWS.
DISPLACEMENT PUMP

• PROGRESSING CAVITY PUMP

• MULTI SCREW PUMP
• ROTARY LOBE PUMP
• DOSING PUMP
• HOSE PUMP
• PLUNGER AND PISTON PUMP
• GEAR PUMP
• VACUUM PUMP
• PISTON DIAPHRAGM PUMP
PROGRESSING CAVITY PUMP

THEY ARE SELF-PRIMING, VALVE-LESS, AND DUE TO

THEIR HIGH PROCESS LIABILITY AND SUCTION
CAPACITY THEY ARE OFTEN USED FOR THE CONTINUOUS,
GENTLE CONVEYANCE AND PRECISE DOSING - IN
PROPORTION TO SPEED - OF DIFFICULT MEDIA.
MULTI SCREW PUMP

BELONG TO THE GROUP OF SELF-PRIMING,

VALVE-LESS ROTATING POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS. DUE TO THEIR DESIGN THEY ARE SPECIALLY
SUITABLE FOR LUBRICATING MEDIA.
ROTARY LOBE PUMP

THANKS TO THEIR COMPACT DESIGN, HIGH

PERFORMANCE DENSITY AND OPERATIONAL
SAFETY THEY ARE OFTEN USED TO CONTINUOUSLY
AND GENTLY CONVEY AND DOSE - IN
PROPORTION TO SPEED - DIFFICULT MEDIA.
DOSING PUMP

THIS DESCRIPTION IS GIVEN BY THE RECIPROCATING

MOVEMENT OF THE DISPLACER, IN THE FORM OF A
PLUNGER OR A DIAPHRAGM, WHICH ALTERNATELY
INCREASES AND DECREASES THE WORKING SPACE.
IN ORDER TO PREVENT RETURN FLOW OF THE CONVEYED
MEDIUM, THE WORKING SPACE HAS TO BE CLOSED BY
TWO VALVES.
HOSE PUMP

THEY WORK BASED ON AN ALTERNATING

COMPRESSION AND RELAXATION OF THE
PUMP’S FLEXIBLE HOSE OR TUBE, WHICH IS
ACHIEVED BY RUNNING THE FLEXIBLE TUBING
THROUGH A ROTATING SHOE OR ROLLER.
PLUNGER AND PISTON PUMP

THE DISPLACERS IN PLUNGER PUMPS ARE

MOVED/PRESSED BY CRANKSHAFTS WHICH
IS INTEGRAL TO THE PUMP AND THE PUMP
HAS ONE OR MORE CYLINDERS. THE DISPLACER
OF THIS PUMP IS CALLED “PLUNGER”.
GEAR PUMP

THEY CAN MANAGE LOW VISCOSITY LIQUIDS

LIKE ALCOHOLS, SOLVENTS OR LIQUID GASES
AS WELL AS MEDIUM AND HIGH VISCOSITY LIQUIDS
LIKE POLYMER MELTS, GUMBASE OR RUBBER.
VACUUM PUMP

ARE ROTARY POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS THAT

COVER A WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS. THE
APPLICATIONS ARE IN CHEMICAL, PETROCHEMICAL,
PHARMACEUTICAL, PAINT INDUSTRIES AS WELL AS
GENERAL INDUSTRIES.
PISTON DIAPHRAGM PUMP

ARE OSCILLATING POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS,

WHOSE DIAPHRAGMS ARE ACTUATED BY AN
OSCILLATING PISTON OR PLUNGER VIA A HYDRAULIC
LIQUID.
COMPANIES
NESTLÉ IS THE WORLD’S LEADING NUTRITION, HEALTH AND
WELLNESS COMPANY. IN THE PHILIPPINES, THEY ARE KNOWN TO
BE THE MANUFACTURER OF BEVERAGES SUCH AS CHOCOLATE
DRINKS, COFFEE, MILK, ICED TEA AND ETC.
SAN MIGUEL IS THE LARGEST SELLING ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE IN
THE PHILIPPINES.
MAYNILAD WATER SERVICES, INC., ALSO KNOWN AS MAYNILAD, IS
THE WATER AND WASTEWATER SERVICES PROVIDER OF CITIES
AND MUNICIPALITIES THAT FORM THE WEST ZONE OF THE
GREATER MANILA AREA IN THE PHILIPPINES. IT IS AN AGENT AND
CONTRACTOR OF THE METROPOLITAN WATERWORKS AND
SEWERAGE SYSTEM. MAYNILAD WATER SERVICES, INC.
THE MANILA WATER COMPANY, INC. IS THE SOLE PROVIDER OF
WATER AND WASTEWATER SERVICES TO MORE THAN SIX MILLION
PEOPLE IN THE EAST ZONE OF METRO MANILA. IT IS A SUBSIDIARY
OF THE COUNTRY'S OLDEST CONGLOMERATE AYALA
CORPORATION IN PARTNERSHIP WITH BRITISH AND JAPANESE
INVESTORS.
COMPUTATIONS
HEAD AND POWER CALCULATIONS:

Discharge, Q = volume flow rate of liquid handled

by the pump (m^3/sec or gal/min)
Head, H = total energy developed by the pump,
expressed in height of liquid (meters)
BASIC FORMULAS

1. VOLUME FLOW RATE OF LIQUID HANDLED BY THE PUMP: Q=

AREA X VELOCITY = AV
2. PRESSURE HEAD, :
3. VELOCITY HEAD, :
•4.   TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD (TDH), H:
WHERE: H=TOTAL HEAD OR TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD
H=STATIC HEAD+ PRESSURE HEAD+ FRICTION HEAD+
VELOCITY HEAD
5. TOTAL HEAD WITHOUT FRICTION:
6. TOTAL HEAD WITHOUT PRESSURE HEAD AND FRICTION HEAD:
7. TOTAL HEAD WITHOUT HEAD AND VELOCITY HEAD:
8. PUMP WORK OR WATER POWER,:
WHERE:
•  
Q DISCHARGE, (), VOLUME FLOW RATE OF LIQUID BY THE PUMP
SPECIFIC WEIGHT, (), (9.8066=62.4)
H TOTAL HEAD, (M OR FT OF FLUID), TOTAL ENERGY DEVELOPED BY
THE PUMP
9. BREAK POWER,:
10. PUMP EFFICIENCY, :
11.
•
MOTOR EFFICIENCY, : WHERE: POWER INPUT
 
12. OVERALL EFFICIENCY, E:
HEAD OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:

Note: is negative if it is vacuum

 FRICTION HEAD CALCULATIONS,
DARCY’S EQUATION:

MORSE EQUATION:

WHERE: = FRICTION HEAD LOSS,(M OR FT)

F = COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION; F SHOULD BE TAKEN FROM MORSE IF
•  
USING MORSE EQUATION
L = TOTAL LENGTH INCLUDING FITTINGS, (M OR FT)
V = VELOCITY, ()
G = GRAVITATIONAL FORCE, ()
D = INSIDE DIAMETER, (M OR FT)
CHARACTERISTICS OF RECIPROCATING PUMPS

1. PISTON DISPLACEMENT
IF PISTON ROD NEGLECTED:

IF PISTON ROD CONSIDERED:

•  
WHERE: D = BORE
D = DIAMETER OF PISTON ROD
N = SPEED
2. ACTUAL DISCHARGE, Q:
 
3. SLIP, S:

•  

 
4. VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY,
CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

1. SPECIFIC SPEED:
WHERE: = SPECIFIC SPEED,(RPM)
N = SPEED, (RPM)
Q = DISCHARGE, (GPM)
H = HEAD, (M OR FT)
2.
• SIMILAR
  PUMPS:
3. SAME PUMP: CONSTANT IMPELLER DIAMETER (), VARIABLE SPEED

 
CONSTANT SPEED (), VARIABLE IMPELLER DIAMETER
4. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN PARALLEL OR SERIES OPERATIONS:
PUMPS IN PARALLEL:

 
WHERE: Q = PUMP CAPACITY
H = PUMP HEAD
P =POWER
•  
PUMPS IN SERIES:

 
WHERE: Q = PUMP CAPACITY
H = PUMP HEAD
P =POWER