Crop Care

CROP CARE
MACHINERY
PREPARED BY: NELSON SILVERIO
IRRIGATION
EQUIPMENTS
CENTRIFUGAL, AXIAL
& MIXED FLOW WATER
PUMP
PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
AXIAL FLOW PUMP
Type of pump which develop most of the suction and discharge head by propelling or lifting
action of the impeller vanes on the water
MIXED FLOW PUMP
Type of pump which combines some of the features of both centrifugal and the axial flow pump
and in which head is developed partly by the centrifugal force and partly by the lift of the vanes
on the water
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Type of pump with impellers rotating inside a closed casing which draws water into the pump
through a central inlet opening and forces water out through a discharge outlet at the periphery
of the housing by means of centrifugal force.
PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
DIFUSER PUMP
Turbine pump, type of centrifugal pump wherein the impeller is surrounded by
diffuser vanes.
VOLUTE PUMP
Type of centrifugal pump with a casing made in the form of a spiral or volute
curve
PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
BASE PLANE
Datum Elevation
CAVITATION
Formation of cavities filled with water vapor due to local pressure drop and collapse.
CAPACITY
Discharge at maximum efficiency
DISCHARGE
Volume of water pump per unit time.
PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
HEAD
Quantity used to express a form (or combination of forms) of the energy content
of the liquid per unit weight of the liquid referred to any arbitrary datum
FRICTION HEAD, hf
Equivalent head required to overcome the friction caused by the flow through the
pipe and pipe fittings
PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD (NPSH), hsv
Total suction head determined at the suction nozzle (corrected to pump center line)
minus the vapor pressure of water at the pumping temperature.
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD AVAILABLE (NPSHA)

NPSH as determined from the actual suction piping conditions.
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD REQUIRED (NPSHR)

Performance characteristic required of the pump and is the NPSH at the pump inlet.
PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
PERFORMANCE CURVE
Curve which represents the interrelationship between capacity, head, power,
NPSH and efficiency of the pump
PUMP
Device used to lift or transfer water from one source to another.
PRIMING
Filling up the pump with water to displace or evacuate the entrapped air through
a vent and create a liquid seal inside the casing
PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
SHAFT POWER
Power required to drive the pump, input power at the pump.
WATER POWER
Theoretical power required for pumping, It is the head and capacity of the pump
expressed in kilowatt.
PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
STATIC DISCHARGE HEAD, hd
Vertical distance from the centerline of the pump to the discharge water level
STATIC SUCTION HEAD, hs
Vertical distance from the free suction water level to the center line of the pump.
NOTE: It exists when the source of water supply is above the center line of the pump.
STATIC SUCTION LIFT, hs
Vertical distance from the free suction water level to the center line of the pump.
NOTE: It exists when the source of water supply is below the center line of the pump.
PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
TOTAL DISCHARGE HEAD, Hd
Summation of all heads in the discharge section.
TOTAL SUCTION HEAD / TOTAL SUCTION LIFT, Hs
Summation of all heads in the suction section.
TOTAL HEAD, TH / H
Difference between the Total discharge head and Total suction head.
PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
VELOCITY HEAD
Head with respect to velocity
PRESSURE HEAD
Head With respect to pressure
POTENTIAL/ELEVATION HEAD
height., elevation.
PUMP
CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS
ACCORDING TO TYPE OF ENERGY CONVERSION
 Volute
 Diffuser or Turbine
ACCORDING TO TYPE OF IMPELLERS

 Open – used in water with considerable amount of small solids
 Semi – Open / Semi – Enclosed – some amount of suspended sediments
 Enclosed – designed to pump clear water
PUMP
Open
PUMP
Semi – Open / Semi – Closed
PUMP
ACCORDING TO TYPE SUCTION INLETS
 Single Suction – Suction Cavity on one side.
 Double Suction – Suction Cavity on both sides.
PUMP
ACCORDING TO AXIS OF ROTATION
 Horizontal – vertical impeller at horizontal shaft
 Vertical – Horizontal impeller at vertical shaft
ACCORDING TO METHODS OF PRIMING

 Non – Self Priming – Needs to be poured with water.
 Self Priming – Can develop a vacuum sufficiently enough for atmospheric pressure to
force the liquid to flow through the suction pipe into the pump casing without priming the
pump.
PUMP
METHODS OF TEST
WATER TEMPERATURE : 10 °C – 40 °C
PERFORMANCE TEST – Performed to determine the the overall performance

of the pump.
CAVITATION TEST – Performed to determine the suction

conditions/performance of the pump.
PRIMING TEST – Performed to determine the priming time of self priming pump
PUMP
METHODS OF TEST
PRESSURE GAUGE ATTACHEMENT
Suction and Discharge pipe length : 4D (D, Bore diameter of Pump)
Pressure Tapping Location : 2D
Pressure Tapping Position : Right angle to the bend curve
of the pipe
Pressure Tapping Diameter, d : 2 – 6 mm, or 1/10 of D.
Pressure Tapping Length : 2d
PUMP
METHODS OF TEST
PRESSURE GAUGE ATTACHEMENT
PUMP
METHODS OF TEST
DIFFERENT METHODS OF DISCHARGE
MEASUREMENT
 Container Method
 Weight Method
 Volume Method
 Wear Method, Q in L/s, l and H in cm.
 90° Triangular Wear
 Rectangular Wear
PUMP
FORMULA USED FOR CALCULATION
FRICTION HEAD
Where:
L - length of pipe, m
V - velocity, m/s
f - Coefficient of friction
D - Pipe Diameter
PUMP
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD AVAILABLE
Where:
Patm- Atmospheric Pressure
Pvp - Vapor Pressure
ϒ - Specific weight of water
Hs - Suction Head / Lift
PUMP
PRESSURE HEAD
Where:
Pgauge - Gauge Pressure
ϒ - Specific weight of water
PUMP
VELOCITY HEAD
Where:
V - velocity
g - gravity
PUMP
TOTAL HEAD
Where:
Hd - Total Discharge Head
Hs - Total Suction Head
PUMP
WATER POWER
Where:
- Specific Weight
Q - Total Discharge Head
H - Total Suction Head
PUMP
INPUT POWER
Where:
T - Torque, kg-m
N - Shaft Speed, RPM
PUMP
PUMP EFFICIENCY
PUMP
OVERALL EFFICIENCY
Where:
P - Prime-mover Power
ROTATING
SPRINKLER HEAD
ROTATING SPRINKLER
DEFINITION OF TERMS
NOZZLE
Aperture of the sprinkler head through which the liquid is discharged
RADIUS OF THROW
Farthest distance measured from the sprinkler head centerline to a point at
which liquid is deposited
ROTATING SPRINKLER HEAD
Rotating sprinkler, device which by its rotating motion around its vertical axis
distributes liquid over an area
ROTATING SPRINKLER
DEFINITION OF TERMS
IMPACT DRIVEN
SPRINKLER HEAD
Type of rotating sprinkler head which rotates
using weighted or spring-loaded arm which is
propelled by the liquid stream and hits the
sprinkler body
ROTATING SPRINKLER
DEFINITION OF TERMS
SPRINKLER HEAD
Hydraulically operated mechanical device which discharges liquid through a
nozzle
TRAJECTORY ANGLE
Angle of the liquid stream above a horizontal plane, as discharged from the
sprinkler nozzle operating at the test pressure.
PART – CIRCLE SPRINKLER
Rotating sprinkler designed to irrigate a sector of a circular area, either with or
without the possibility of adjusting it to irrigate the entire circular area
ROTATING SPRINKLER
DEFINITION OF TERMS
RANGE OF EFFECTIVE PRESSURE
Pressure range between the minimum effective pressure, pmin, and the maximum
effective pressure, pmax, declared by the manufacturer as the pressure range in
which the sprinklers operate effectively.
NOTE: The pressure is measured at the base of the sprinkler, at a point situated
about 0.20 m below the main nozzle of the sprinkler, but with the pressure gauge
situated in the same plane as the main nozzle.
ROTATING SPRINKLER
DEFINITION OF TERMS
BASE PRESSURE
Pressure measured at a point on the riser with a distance of at least five times the
nominal sprinkler inlet diameter from the last upstream direction change or
change in pipe cross sectional area
ROTATING SPRINKLER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO TYPE
 Rotary
 Spray
ACCORDING TO WETTED AREA

 Full - Circle
 Part – Circle
ROTATING SPRINKLER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO RADIUS OF THROW
 Small ( < 5m )
 Medium ( 5m – 50m )
 Large ( > 50m )
ROTATING SPRINKLER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO OPERATING PRESSURE
 Low ( < 150 kPa)
 Medium ( 150 kPa – 350 kPa )
 High ( > 350 kPa )
ROTATING SPRINKLER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO DISCHARGE
 Small ( < 0.5 )
 Medium ( 0.5 – 50 )
 Large ( > 50 )
ROTATING SPRINKLER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO APPLICATION RATE
 Low (<5L)
 Medium ( 5 L – 15 L )
 High ( > 15 L )
ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF NOZZLE
 One Nozzle
 Two Nozzle
ROTATING SPRINKLER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO TRAJECTORY ANGLE
 Very Low ( < 10° )
 Low ( 10° to < 25° )
 Normal ( 25° to 28 ° )
ROTATING SPRINKLER
METHODS OF TEST
SPRINKLER MOUNTING HEIGHT
ROTATING SPRINKLER
METHODS OF TEST
COLLECTOR DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION
 Square Grid pattern with minimum of 80 collectors
 CollectorsHeight: 0.9m or 0.3 m, 2% vertical height
variation within the collectors
ROTATING SPRINKLER
METHODS OF TEST
COLLECTOR DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION
 Sprinkler Spacing
ROTATING SPRINKLER
FIELD PERFORMANCE TEST
BASE PRESSURE
 170 kPa – 485 kPa, at 35 kPa increments.
RADIUS OF THROW
 Average of two radius measured perpendicularly.
ROTATING SPRINKLER
BASE PRESSURE
 170 kPa – 485 kPa, at 35 kPa increments.
RADIUS OF THROW
 Average of two radius measured perpendicularly.
DRILLING RIG
DRILLING RIG
DEFINITION OF TERMS
DRILLING RIG
Structural assembly which is used to drill holes for the purpose of water-well
construction.
DRILLING PIPE
Serves as an adaptor of the drill bit and conduit of water jet channel.
DRILL BIT
Bit attached to the end of the drilling pipe which is directly in contact with the
soil formation and serves as cutting device during drilling operation.
DRILLING RIG
DEFINITION OF TERMS
MAIN RIG ASSEMBLY
Structure that supports the entire drilling system.
SURGING STEM, JETTING STEM
Light weight pipes used during high velocity flow operation.
DRILL BIT
Bit attached to the end of the drilling pipe which is directly in contact with the
soil formation and serves as cutting device during drilling operation.
DRILLING RIG
CLASSIFICATIONS
ROTARY
 A type of drilling rig in which the mode of drilling is done by using a rotating drill
bit that cut and loosen the soil thus producing a hole of required diameter.
PERCUSSION
 A type of drilling rig in which the mode of drilling is done by alternately raising and
dropping either an external weight (solid steel or wood) or the drilling stem itself.
COMBINATION
 A type of drilling rig in which the mode of drilling is done by rotary action and
percussion.
DRILLING RIG
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT
DRILLING DEPTH
 At least 30 meters
DRILLING BORE
 At least 100 millimeters
HAND PUMP
HAND PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHECK VALVE
Valve inside the cylinder that holds the column of water in the draw pipe while the
plunger is being pushed down after each up-stroke.
DISCHARGE VALVE
Valve attached to the discharge side (for lift type hand pump) or to the body of the
cylinder (for force type hand pump) to allow one direction of flow of water only.
HAND PUMP
Water pump powered by the movement of human arms.
HAND PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
HANDLE
Lever that connects the pump rod to the pump head which often includes some
mechanism to add counterweight to balance the weight of the water being lifted up
the draw pipe.
OUTLET
Spout assembly of pump where water comes out.
PLUNGER/PISTON
Part of the cylinder that is connected to the pump rod and which forces water up
the draw pipe.
HAND PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
PUMP HEAD
Pump assembly attached to the stand which contains the handle outlet assembly
PUMP ROD/PLUNGER ROD
Steel rod that connects the pump handle to the plunger assembly within the
Cylinder
PUMP STAND/PEDESTAL
Base that attaches the hand pump to the ground and connects to the draw pipe
HAND PUMP
DEFINITION OF TERMS
STROKE
Maximum distance that the plunger moves when the handle is moved.
SUCTION INLET
Inlet where the suction pipe is connected
SUCTION PIPE
Pipe connecting the pump cylinder to the pump body where water moves up and
out to the pump spout during pumping
HAND PUMP
CLASSIFICATION
LIFT TYPE
Type of hand pump intended for
use in lifting water from low-head
cisterns and wells, the depth of
which is not beyond the head
furnished by atmospheric
pressure.
HAND PUMP
CLASSIFICATION
FORCE TYPE
Type of hand pump that performs the
work of a lift pump and in addition
forces the water from the outlet at a
pressure to suit any domestic
application.
HAND PUMP
CLASSIFICATION
FORCE TYPE
Single Acting
 Type of force type hand pump that discharges water only on the forward
stroke of the piston or plunger and draw in water into the cylinder during
the back stroke.
Double Acting
 Typeof force type hand pump that discharges water on both forward and
back strokes.
HAND PUMP
CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENT
CHECK VALVE : 32 mm diameter
CYLINDER : 76 mm diameter
APPLICATORS
FERTILIZER
APPLICATORS
FERTILIZER APPLICATOR
DEFINITION OF TERMS
APPLICATION RATE
Amount of fertilizer applied per unit area.
DELIVERY TUBE
Part of the applicator which directs the distribution of the fertilizer at the field.
FURROW CLOSER
Device which covers the fertilizer in a furrow.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
FURROW OPENER
Device that makes the trench for the fertilizer.
GRANULAR FERTILIZER APPLICATOR
Device for applying granular fertilizer.
GROUND WHEEL
Part of the applicator that drives the metering device.
METERING DEVICE
Mechanism that regulates the amount of fertilizer discharged.
CLASSIFICATIONS
BASED ON FERTILIZER
DISTRIBUTION
 Row Fertilizer Applicator
 Type of fertilizer applicator which
applies fertilizer in rows
CLASSIFICATIONS
BASED ON FERTILIZER
DISTRIBUTION
 Broadcaster
 The type of fertilizer applicator used to
spread fertilizer uniformly in the field
without rows.
CLASSIFICATIONS
BASED ON POWER SOURCE
 Animal Drawn
 Manually-Operated
 Engine Driven
 Tractor Driven
Two – Wheel Tractor Driven
Four – Wheel Tractor Driven
CLASSIFICATIONS
BASED ON METERING
DEVICE
 Star Wheel
 Consist of a star-shaped agitating
device located at the bottom of the
hopper with an adjustable gate to
regulate the discharge
CLASSIFICATIONS
BASED ON METERING
DEVICE
 Auger Type
 Consists of a variable speed auger
at bottom of hopper and agitator
to discharge fertilizer.
CLASSIFICATIONS
BASED ON METERING
DEVICE
 Belt Type
 Consists of moving belt located at
the bottom of the hopper with an
adjustable gate to discharge
fertilizer
CLASSIFICATIONS
BASED ON METERING
DEVICE
 Plate or Flicker Type
 Consists of a slowly rotating plate,
which carry a layer of fertilizer
under an adjustable gate from the
inside to the outside of the hopper,
where it is flicked from the plate
by a series of fingers
CLASSIFICATIONS
BASED ON METERING
DEVICE
 Rotor Type
 Consists of Ground wheel driven
vane or fluted rotor above an
adjustable discharge opening
GRANULE
APPLICATORS
GRANULE APPLICATOR
DEFINITION OF TERMS
AGITATOR
Part of the granule applicator that puts the granule in motion through continuous
stirring or rotation
GRANULE
Generic term used for a small particle having a diameter ranging from 2 to 4 mm
GRANULE APPLICATOR
Agricultural tool used to apply granular fertilizers or pesticides to the field
GRANULE APPLICATOR
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ORIFICE
Opening in the hopper or tank through which the granules pass through
SPINNER PLATE
Part of the granule applicator that spreads the granules
GRANULE APPLICATOR
CLASSIFICATIONS
HANDLED GRANULE
APPLICATOR
 Type of granule applicator designed
for handheld operation. It makes use
of screw or spinner plate operated
manually to facilitate metering of
granules
GRANULE APPLICATOR
CLASSIFICATIONS
KNAPSACK GRANULE APPLICATOR
 Type of granule applicator designed to be carried on back during application.
GRANULE APPLICATOR
CLASSIFICATIONS
KNAPSACK GRANULE
APPLICATOR
 Gravity Knapsack
 Type of knapsack granule
applicator that makes use of
gravitational force to apply
granules
GRANULE APPLICATOR
CLASSIFICATIONS
KNAPSACK GRANULE
APPLICATOR
 Powered Knapsack
 Type of knapsack granule applicator
which makes use of an engine or an
electric motor attached to a fan blower to
facilitate its operation
GRANULE APPLICATOR
CLASSIFICATIONS
WALK BEHIND GRANULE APPLICATOR
 Type of granule applicator that makes use of the ground wheels to facilitate
movement of the unit during operation.
GRANULE APPLICATOR
CLASSIFICATIONS
WALK BEHIND
GRANULE APPLICATOR
 Mechanical Walk Behind Type
 Type of walk-behind granule applicator
that makes use of ground wheels to
actuate the screw or spinner plate for
application of granules
GRANULE APPLICATOR
CLASSIFICATIONS
WALK BEHIND
GRANULE APPLICATOR
 Powered Walk Behind Type
 Type of walk-behind granule applicator
that uses engine to actuate the agitator
and screw or spinner plate for
application of granules
GRANULE APPLICATOR
CLASSIFICATIONS
MOUNTED GRANULE APPLICATROR
 Type of granule applicator mounted on a tractor or vehicle.
GRANULE APPLICATOR
CLASSIFICATIONS
MOUNTED GRANULE
APPLICATOR
 Three Point Hitch Type
 Type of granule applicator that uses a
spinner plate or a screw attached to
the power take-off shaft to actuate
metering of granules
GRANULE APPLICATOR
CLASSIFICATIONS
MOUNTED GRANULE
APPLICATOR
 Trailing Granule Applicator
 Type of granule applicator that uses
wheel rotational motion to actuate
application of granules. The granules
are metered by a spinner plate or a
screw attached to the ground wheel
GRANULE APPLICATOR
GRANULE APPLICATOR
FIELD EFFICIENCY : 80%
SPRAYERS
LEVER OPERATED
KNAPSACK SPYAYER
(LOKS)
LOKS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
LEVER OPERATED KNAPSACK SPAYER
Backpack sprayer, sprayer which is operated manually with a lever and can be
carried at the back of the operator.
PRESSURE CHAMBER
Component of the sprayer that evens out the fluctuations of the fluid pressure and
induces more uniform flow of the sprayed liquid.
TANK CAPACITY
Maximum allowable volume of liquid to fill the sprayer tank when equipped with
all its internal mounting.
LOKS
LOKS
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
MINIMUM VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY =
80%
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WEIGHT (EMPTY) = 6
kg
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WEIGHT (FILLED) = 22
kg
MINIMUM TANK CAPACITY = 10 kg
LOKS
VOLUMETRIC PERFORMANCE TEST
Normal Working Pressure = 270 kPa – 410 kPa
Successive Strokes = 20 Strokes
LOKS
PISTON DISPLACEMENT
Where:
Dp - Piston Displacement
A - Area of the cylinder
L - Stroke
LOKS
VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
Where:
Dp - Piston Displacement
Va - Actual Volume Discharge.
MIST BLOWER
MIST BLOWER
DEFINITION OF TERMS
MIST
Fine drops of liquids, such as water or chemical pesticides sprayed into the air.
MIST BLOWER
Equipment that sprays liquid in form of mist
WAND
Part of the mist blower that connects the nozzle to the blower.
MIST BLOWER
DEFINITION OF TERMS
BLOWER RANGE
Distance from the nozzle at which spraying could be carried out.
NUMBER MEDIAN DIAMETER
Diameter of the droplet which will divide the number of droplets into two equal
halves.
VOLUME MEDIAN DIAMETER
Diameter of the droplet that will divide the volume of droplets into two equal
halves.
MIST BLOWER
CLASSIFICATION
BACKPACK MIST
BLOWER
Type of mist blower that is carried by the
operator at his back for mobility.
MIST BLOWER
CLASSIFICATION
MOUNTED MIST
BLOWER
Type of mist blower that is mounted on a
tractor or other vehicle for mobility.
MIST BLOWER
DISCHARGE RATE : 0.12 L/min – 0.17 L/min (per nozzle)
AIR SPEED : 90 m/s (minimum)
POWER SPRAYER
FOR MANGO
POWER SPRAYER FOR MANGO
DEFINITION OF TERMS
LANCE
Metallic tube that connects the nozzle to the hose of the power sprayer.
Equipment powered by an electric motor or an engine used to spray fertilizer or
pesticides to a certain height.
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
Component of the power sprayer used to regulate pressure.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Nozzle
Tip of the lance of the power sprayer where the chemical is sprayed out.
RUN-OFF
Overflow of the water from the nozzle.
CLASSIFICATIONS
FRAME MOUNTED
POWER SPRAYER
Type of power sprayer mounted on a
steel frame which is carried by at least
two operators for transport.
CLASSIFICATIONS
WHEEL MOUNTED POWER SPRAYER
Type of power sprayer mounted on wheels, either push by the operator or towed
by a vehicle. The pump can be powered by an electric motor or an engine.
MAIN FRAME
AISI 1020, at least 6 mm thick.
SPRAY HOSE
10 mm diameter, 15 m – 200 meter long.
LANCE
At least 1 m long.
GROUND CLEARANCE
at least 200 mm
INTAKE HOSE
16 mm diameter
FILTER
100 mesh per 1 sq.cm
NOISE LEVEL
92 db(A) (1 meter away from the source of noise)
OPERATING PRESSURE
1.2 MPa (175 psi) – 1.75 MPa (250 psi)
DISCHARGE RATE
15 L/min
POWER SPRAYER
PERCENT ERROR OF DROPLET SIZE
Where:
Dm - Mean Droplet diameter
Da - Actual Droplet diameter
WEEDING
EQUIPMENT
WEEDER
WEEDER
DEFINITION OF TERMS
WEEDING EFFICIENCY/WEEDING INDEX
Percentage of weed removed/destroyed per unit area.
WEEDER
Implement used to remove/destroy weeds from agricultural lands
WEEDS
Unwanted plants growing in the field competing the main crop for nutrients,
moisture and sunlight.
WEEDER
DEFINITION OF TERMS
DAMAGE PLANTS
Plants injured (i.e. teared leaves, broken stems, and/or uprooted plant) that may
affect crop growth.
PERCENT DAMAGE PLANTS
Percent of plants injured during operation.
WEEDER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO DESIGN OF WORKING PART
 Blade Type
Type of weeder with rectangular, triangular or crescent shapes with cutting
edges sharpened and hardened.
WEEDER
CLASSIFICATION
 Tine Type
Type of weeder with straight, curved, round or squared cross-section steel
rods with sharply pointed and hardened soil engaging ends.
WEEDER
CLASSIFICATION
 Rotary Type
Type of weeder with curve or straight spikes or paddles radially attached to
a common axle, which rotate to uproot and bury weeds.
WEEDER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO POWER SOURCE
 Manually Operated Seeders
 Hand Held Weeder
Type of weeder which utilize either blade or tine type of soil working parts with short (0.15 m
to 0.5 m), medium (>0.5 m to 1 m) and long (>1 m) handles
WEEDER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO
POWER SOURCE
Manually Operated
Seeders
 Push Type Weeder
Type of weeder which utilizes either blade,
tine or rotary soil working parts for dry and
wet field weeding.
WEEDER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO
POWER SOURCE
Animal Drawn Weeder
Type of weeder in which soil working
parts are mounted on a frame or tool
bar and pulled by an animal for dry
field weeding.
WEEDER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO POWER
SOURCE
Power Weeder
Type of rotary weeder driven by
its own engine for wet field
weeding.
WEEDER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO POWER
SOURCE
Tractor Mounted
Type of weeder in which soil working
parts are mounted on a frame or tool
bar and pulled by either two- or four-
wheel tractor for dry field weeding.
WEEDER
FOR MANUALLY OPERATED AND ANIMAL
DRAWN
SOIL WORKING PART
 Carbonsteel with at least 50% carbon content and 0.05% Sulphur
and phosphorus content (e.g. AISI 1055).
 350
and 450 HB (Brinell Hardness), or 37.7 to 47.8 HRC (Rockwell
Hardness), or 370 to 483 HV (Vickers Hardness).
WEEDER
FOR TRACTOR DRAWN
SOIL WORKING PART
 Carbon steel with at least 80% carbon content and 0.0005% Boron
content (e.g. AISI 1080).
WEEDER
FIELD EFFICIENCY
80%
PERCENTAGE OF PLANT DAMAGED
6% maximum
WEEDER
AREA REQUIREMENT
Hand Held : 20 sq.m
Push Type : 100 sq.m
Animal Drawn : 250 sq.m
Two – Wheel Tractor Drawn : 500 sq.m
Four – Wheel Tractor Drawn : 1000 sq.m
WEEDER
OPERATING SPEED REQUIREMENT
Animal Drawn : 2 – 4 kph
Two – Wheel Tractor Drawn : 3 – 4 kph
Four – Wheel Tractor Drawn : 5 – 6 kph
THANK YOU!!
GOD BLESS US ALL!!

Crop Care

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CROP CARE

NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD AVAILABLE (NPSHA)

NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD REQUIRED (NPSHR)

ACCORDING TO TYPE OF IMPELLERS

ACCORDING TO METHODS OF PRIMING

PERFORMANCE TEST – Performed to determine the the overall performance

CAVITATION TEST – Performed to determine the suction

ACCORDING TO WETTED AREA

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