Hall Sensor in Automotive

Hall Effect was discovered in 1879 by Edwin Herbert Hall at Johns Hopkins
University, USA.

GBPIT, DELHI
Hall effect - Basics Piece of conductor
W= width of this
rectangular piece.

By external power source

current is set up on the
conductor.

Negative charge starts

moving with a velocity of
Vd in opposite direction of
Direction of
current flow.
Current I
Hall effect - Basics
As soon as magnetic field
Magnet applied.
placed

A force towards right side

start act on all negative
charge

All negative charge starts

accumulate on the right
side of the plate
Hall effect - Basics
Magnetic
field B
All negative charge starts
accumulate on the right
side of the plate

Direction of
Current I
Hall effect - Basics
Right side become (-)
charge

Left side become (+)

charge

Direction of
Current I
Hall effect - Basics
Magnetic
field B
A counter electric field
E has been established.

(-) charge motion towards

right due to magnetic field
qE qVdB
(-) charge motion towards
left due to E field
E
Direction of
Current I
Hall effect - Basics
Magnetic
field B

When qE==qVd.B, No more

charge moving.

equilibrium condition
established.

Hall potential build up.

VH = E. W

Direction of “Hall Effect “

Current I Hall
Voltage
Hall effect - Basics
Hall Sensors consist basically of a thin piece of rectangular p-type semiconductor
material such as

• gallium arsenide (GaAs),

• indium antimonide (InSb)
• indium arsenide (InAs)
 Hall Sensor signal conditioning circuit
12 V DC

Power
Voltage 1 Line
Regulator
Signal
Line
R
2
North
South Vout

Hall plate
Amplifier Schmitt Trigger

3 GND
Hall Sensor
North
South
1 Power Line
Hall Sensor
2 Signal Line

3 Ground Line
Hall Sensor
Hall Sensor
Grey denotes any material that a magnet will stick to

ElementHall IC

MAGNET MAGNET

High B Low B
Hall Sensor
Hall Sensor Applications
Convenience Systems
1. Door lock Position Sensing
2. Window Position/Speed Sensing Window/Sunroof
Direction Sensing for anti-pinch
3. Seating memory Systems
4. Various Contactless Switches
Electronic Power Steering
1. Position Sensing
2. Motor Commutation Current Sensing
Safety Systems
3. Occupant Sensing
4. ABS/Traction - Wheel Speed Sensing
Powertrain Applications
1. Cam/Crank Sensors
2. Transmission Speed Sensors
3. Throttle Position Sensors
4. EGR Valve Position Sensors
5. Valve Position Sensors
6. Current Sensing
Hall Sensor Oil level indicator

Floating Object
Hall Sensor Speed

North
North
South
South
Hall
Hall Sensor
Sensor
Hall Sensor power window motor

•Window position recognition: Control unit evaluates signals

from the Hall sensor in the power window motor.
• Depending on the actuation direction, the counter is
increased when “opening” and decreased when “closing” the
side window.
•The zero position is upper stop ( side window fully closed)
and is set by a normalised procedure.
Hall Sensor Anti pinch
Anti pinch protection: During automatic
raising of side window, the corresponding
door control unit doesn’t recognise the
change of the hall sensor signals, this is
evaluated as pinching.
Hall Sensor Clamp meter
Hall Sensor panorama sliding roof
1. M12 is the sliding Sun roof motor(Hall 1)
2. M12/5 is the roller Sun blind motor (Hall 2 )
3. The position are determined and monitored
by the counting the Hall sensor pulses.
4. Blockage is detected if signals no longer
detected from the Hall sensor for a period of
t=320ms
5. If blockage is detected the actuation of both
motor is interrupted and the Sun roof system
motor is actuated in the opposite direction
(reverse).
6. The positioning monitoring and blockage
detection is accomplished by the overhead
control panel - control unit.
Hall Sensor direction of rotation Steering wheel
HS 1 HS 2

S
HS 2
N
HS 1

Clock wise Phase

direction difference is
270 degree
 Hall Sensor direction of rotation Steering wheel
HS 1 HS 2

S
HS 2
N
HS 1

Anti clockwise
Phase difference between HS 1 and HS 2 is 90
direction
degree
Hall Sensor Camshaft sensor

•When the notch in the camshaft ring passes through the

Hall sensor. It senses the magnetic field and sends a signal to
the Engine control Unit, Indicating camshaft position. The
engine control unit further takes care of adjusting timing,
spark, fuel required and injection period.
Hall Sensor Crankshaft sensor
Hall Sensor
Hall Sensor
Hall Sensor
Hall Sensor
Thank You