Hall effect Sensor

Hall effect Sensor

• Basic Principle
• Signal conditioning Circuit
• Application
Hall effect Sensor
Hall Effect
When a current carrying conductor is placed into a magnetic field a
voltage will be generated perpendicular to both current & magnetic
field.
Hall effect Sensor
W

Piece of conductor
W= width of this
rectangular piece.
Hall effect Sensor
By external power source
current is set up on the
conductor.

Direction of
Current I
Hall effect Sensor
Negative charge starts
moving with a velocity of
Vd in opposite direction of
current flow.

Direction of
Current I
Hall effect Sensor
Magnetic
field B
As soon as magnetic field
v applied.
c
F
A force towards right side
start act on all negative
charge

Direction of
Current I
Hall effect Sensor
Magnetic
field B
All negative charge starts
accumulate on the right
side of the plate

Direction of
Current I
Hall effect Sensor
Magnetic
field B
Right side become (-)
charge

Left side become (+)

charge

Direction of
Current I
Hall effect Sensor
Magnetic
field B
A counter electric field
E has been established.

(-) charge motion towards

right due to magnetic field
qE qVdB
(-) charge motion towards
left due to E field
E
Direction of
Current I
Hall effect Sensor
Magnetic
field B
When qE==qVd.B, No more
charge moving.

equilibrium condition
established.

Hall potential build up.

VH = E. w

Direction of
Current I Hall
Voltage
Hall effect Sensor
Magnetic
field B
This effect is call Hall Effect.

Direction of
electrons
(negative
charge)

Direction of
Current I Hall
Voltage
Hall effect Sensor
Hall Effect was discovered in 1879 by Edwin Herbert Hall at Johns
Hopkins University, USA.

Discovered 18 years before the electrons discovered.

Hall effect Sensor
Hall Sensors consist basically of a thin piece of rectangular p-type semiconductor
material such as

• gallium arsenide (GaAs),

• indium antimonide (InSb)
• indium arsenide (InAs)
Hall effect Sensor
12 V DC
Signal conditioning circuit:

Voltage
Regulator

Vout
Hall Sensor

Differential Amp Schmitt Triger

Hall effect Sensor
Applications:
Convenience Systems
1. Door lock Position Sensing
2. Window Position/Speed Sensing Window/Sunroof Direction Sensing for
anti-pinch
3. Seating memory Systems
4. Various Contactless Switches
Hall effect Sensor
Applications:
Powertrain Applications
1. Cam/Crank Sensors
2. Transmission Speed Sensors
3. Throttle Position Sensors
4. EGR Valve Position Sensors
5. Valve Position Sensors
6. Current Sensing
Hall effect Sensor
Applications:
Electronic Power Steering
1. Position Sensing
2. Motor Commutation Current Sensing

Safety Systems
3. Occupant Sensing
4. ABS/Traction - Wheel Speed Sensing
Hall Effect Sensor
• Speed measurement

Hall Material
Hall Material

South
North
Hall effect Sensor
Direction of Rotation

1
2
3
Thank You