VIVA ON MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT (a) Current Sensitivity: Deflection produced per unit current is called current sensitivity of

3
Biot Savarts Law: dB = (0/4) idl x r/r galvanometer i.e. Is = /i
Direction of dB – Right hand palm or right hand screw rule = NAB/C
Magnetic field due to straight conductor (infinite) - B = 0i / 2R (b) Voltage Sensitivity: Deflection produced per unit voltage is called voltage sensitivity of
Magnetic field due to circular conductor (center) - B = 0Ni / 2R galvanometer i.e. Vs = /V = /iR = NAB/CR
Magnetic moment of current carrying loop M = NiA To increase sensitivity: Decrease C- reason for taking phosphor bronze suspension wire
(for anticlockwise direction of current – N pole & clockwise direction of current –
Conversion of galvanometer:
south pole)
Ampere Circutal Law: The line integral of the magnetic field around any closed path is equal to
(a)In to ammeter: In to voltmeter
o times the total current passing through it. B.dl = 0Inet
(i) A galvanometer can be converted in to
Magnetic field inside a solenoid B = 0NI/l,
ammeter by connecting a low resistance (i) A galvanometer can be
Lorentz force: force on moving charge particle in magnetic field ⃗F = q ( ⃗v x ⃗
B) converted in to voltmeter by connecting
shunt in parallel with it.
⃗
Direction – Flemming;s left hand rule / F is perpendicular to both ⃗ v ∧¿ B⃗ a high resistance in series with it.
So path of charge particle becomes circular of radius r = mv/ qB (if  =900) and path becomes (ii) Value of S: S= igRg/i-ig (ii) Value of R: V= ig(Rg +R)
helical if  is any angle.
force on current carrying conductor in magnetic field ⃗ F = i⃗Lx⃗
B (iii) An ideal ammeter has resistance Zero (iii) An ideal voltmeter has resistance
infinite
Force between two infinite, parallel current carrying conductor : ⃗
F 12 = 0i1i2/2r (iv) Ammeter is always connected in
For same direction of current, conductors will attract each other and for opposite series in the circuit (iv) voltmeter is always connected in
direction they will repel parallel in the circuit
standard one ampere is the electric current which flows through the parallel infinite (v) 1/RA = 1/RG +1/S
conductors placed at a distance 1m apart in vacuum and produces a force per unit length of 2x (ii) RV = RG +R
10-7 Nm-1 between them.
Torque on a current carrying coil in a uniform magnetic field:  = NiBA sin
Diagram for Stable equilibrium position of coil
Diagram for most unstable position of coil
Radial Magnetic Field:

It is the magnetic field produced by

pole piece magnets and iron core. In
this field suspended coil experiences
maximum torque always because axis
of coil always remains perpendicular
to the magnetic field

Moving Coil Galvanometer:

Principle: A current carrying coil in a uniform magnetic field experiences a deflecting torque
when suspended freely.  = NiBA sin For radial magnetic field =900  = NiAB

Sensitivity of galvanometer: