THE ARTIST AND

HIS MEDIUM
Prepared by:
Ms. Edielyn D. Gonzalvo
CLASSIFICATION OF ARTISTS
 Visual artists
 Includes the painters, the sculptors and the architects

 Creative artists
 More adept at writing words and arranging musical notes to entice the
imagination and evoke emotions.
 Includes writers, composers etc.

 Performing artists
 Express their art through execution in front off an audience.
 Includes dancers, singers, stage performers, musicians, etc.
MEDIUM
 Classification of arts based on Medium:
 Visual arts
 Art form is perceived by the eyes and medium are those materials that can be seen
 Graphic or two-dimensional arts (painting, drawing, mosaics, collage).
 Plastic or three-dimensional arts (sculpture and architecture).

 Auditory or time arts

 Medium are those that the viewers can hear and which are expressed in time (music and
literature).
 Combined arts (also called Performing arts or Ephemeral Arts)
 The medium can be both seen and heard.
 Includes dance, drama and cinema.
 The artwork is perceived as temporary since it is happening only in a particular time and at
a particular space.
 THE PROCESS OF
ART PRODUCTION
Technique-the artist’s knowledge of the medium and his skill in making it achieve what he wants it to.

Curation-from the Latin ‘curare’ means to take care. It is a process that involves managing, overseeing and
assembling or putting together a presentation or exhibit for some type of historical or artistic collection. Curator is
the person responsible for this task.
THE DIFFERENT
MEDIA OF THE
VISUAL ARTS
GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
 A. GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
Using the
sharp point Drawing a series Using the
A. Drawing.
Drawing a
of the pencil
series of thin
of thin parallel point of the The fundamental
to make dot lines and pencil to skill needed in the
parallel lines
patterns to crisscrossing it create
that run in visual arts.
create depth with another set patterns in a
the same Different media for
in some parts of thin parallel circular
direction. drawing:
of the lines. manner.
drawing. 1. Pencil
A. GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
Different media for
drawing:
2. Ink
Characterized by
controlled and uniform lines.
Used in making the
beautiful handwritings
produced in calligraphy
which in itself is art.
A. GRAPHIC OR TWO
DIMENSIONAL
Different media for drawing:
 ARTS
 3. Pastel
 Composed of dry pigment held together by a gum binder and compressed
into sticks.
 Kinds: Soft, Hard and Oil
 Techniques:
 Stippling
 using pastel of different colors to produce small marks, thus creating a pattern.
 Feathering
 using the point of the pastel to make parallel strokes creating a feather-like effect.
 A. GRAPHIC OR TWO
DIMENSIONAL ARTS Sgrafitto
Scumbling Impasto
 like layering but using  applying a thick deposit
 the technique of thickly
pastel. The side of the of pastel on the support
applying the pastel by
pastel is highly drawn on then using a blunt pen,
pressing it hard on the
top of an existing color scrapes it off to reveal he
paper creating an opaque
but still making the color underlying color and
effect.
of the first layer visible. create the deign.
A. GRAPHIC OR TWO
DIMENSIONAL ARTS
Different media for drawing:
 4. Charcoal
An organic medium that comes from burnt wood.
Kinds:
Compressed or manufactured
Made from loose charcoal mixed with a binder and pressed into
sticks.
Vine
Comes in thin sticks that is easy to blend and erase.
A. GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
Different media for
drawing:
4. Charcoal
 A. GRAPHIC OR TWO
•
DIMENSIONAL
Different media for drawing:
ARTS
• 4. Paper.
• The most common surface used in two-dimensional art.
• An organic material made from wood, grass and linen rags.
• Types:
• Hot-press paper
• has a smooth surface which makes it ideal for fine detail work, but it’s
often criticized as being slippery and hard to control.
• Cold-press
• has a semi-rough surface (moderate texture) that’s suitable for detail
work and washes.
• Rough paper
• has the most texture.
 This Juan Luna painting fetched P46.72 million at a recent GRAPHIC OR
auction in Makati City
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
B. Painting.
The art of creating
beautiful effects on a flat
surface.
The process of
applying paint onto a
smooth surface (ground/
SOLD. The painting, "¿A Do...Va la Nave? “ Loosely translated as – there support) like paper, cloth,
goes the ship (oil on canvas, 55 cm x 104 cm / 21 1/2 x 41 in) is auctioned canvas, wood or plaster.
off to a private collector after a heated bidding war on September 19, 2015.
Image from Salcedo Auctions.
 GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
B. Painting.
1. Watercolor
The pigment is
mixed with water and
applied to paper.

Albrecht Dürer (1471 – 1528)

Left Wing of a Blue Roller,” circa 1500 or 1512.

(Photo: National Gallery of Art)
 GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
B. Painting.
2. Gouache
Type of water-
soluble paint that,
unlike watercolor, is
opaque so the white of
the paper surface does
not show through.
William Hatherell
O, Romeo, Romeo, Wherefore Art
Thou Romeo? c.1912
 GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
B. Painting.
3. Oil Paints.
A mixture of three
things: pigment, binder
and thinner. .

The Swing, also known as The Happy Accidents of the Swing, is an 18th-century oil
painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard in the Wallace Collection in London. It is
considered to be one of the masterpieces of the Rococo era, and is Fragonard's best
known work
 GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
B. Painting.
4. Tempera.
The word tempera
originally came from the
verb temper, “to bring to a
desired consistency.”
Dry pigments are made
usable by “tempering”
them with a binding and
https://cdn.britannica.com/s:700x450/03/60003-004-
B6C14F32/Christ-egg-tempera-gold-leaf-panel-Temple.jpg
adhesive vehicle.
 GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
B. Painting.
5. Fresco.
A technique of mural
painting executed upon freshly
laid, or wet lime plaster.
Water is used as the vehicle
for the dry-powder pigment to
merge with the plaster, and
with the setting of the plaster,
the painting becomes an
integral part of the wall.
Giulio Romano's fresco work at the Palazzo del Te in Mantua.
 GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
B. Painting.
6. Acrylic.
A fast-drying paint
made of pigment
suspended in acrylic
polymer emulsion.
Water-soluble, but become
water-resistant when dry.
Diamela” by Alice Pasquini. 2018. Acrylic on canvas. (Photo:
Alice Pasquini)
 GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
C. Mosaic.
Decoration of a
surface with designs
made up of closely set,
usually variously
colored, small pieces of
material.
Roman Villa of Pisões, Lusitania, Portugal (Photo: Carole
Raddato via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 2.0)
 GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
D. Encaustic.
This complex technique
dates back to ancient Egypt
and involves adding pigment
to hot beeswax.
The resulting paste is then
typically applied to prepared
wood, though canvas can
also be used.

Portrait of a woman from Al-Faiyum, Egypt. circa 100-150 C.E.

Encaustic. (Photo: Public domain via WikiCommons
 GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
E. Collage.
It was first used as an artists’
technique in the early twentieth
century.
It is the technique of pasting
paper cut-outs onto various
surfaces.
It can also include other media
such as painting and drawing,
and contain three-dimensional
Sir Eduardo Paolozzi
elements.
Meet the People 1948
Tate
© The estate of Eduardo Paolozzi
GRAPHIC OR
TWO
DIMENSIONAL
ARTS
F. Printmaking.
A process used for making
reproduction of graphic works.
It allows or the repeated transfer
of a master image from a
printing plate (matrix) onto a
surface.
The result is an impression
created by the plate on the
surface which is called a print.
 PRINTMAKING TECHNIQUES
 A relief print, such as a woodcut or linoleum cut, is created
when the areas of the matrix (plate or block) that are to
show the printed image are on the original surface; the parts
of the matrix that are to be ink-free having been cut away, or
otherwise removed.
 The printed surface is in relief from the cut away sections of
the plate.
 Once the area around the image is cut away, the surface of
the plate is rolled up with ink. Paper is laid over the matrix,
and both are run through a press, transferring the ink from
the surface of the matrix to the paper.

Carl Eugene Keel, Bar, 2006.

Woodcut print on paper. Licensed by
Creative Commons
 PRINTMAKING TECHNIQUES
 Intaglio prints such as engravings and etchings, are
made by incising channels into a copper or metal
plate with a sharp instrument called a burin to
create the image, inking the entire plate, then
wiping the ink from the surface of the plate,
leaving ink only in the incised channels below the
surface.
 Paper is laid over the plate and put through a press
under high pressure, forcing the ink to be
transferred to the paper.
 Today artists also use Plexiglas, a hard clear plastic,
as plates. Characteristically these prints have strong
line quality and exhibit a slightly blurred edge to
the line as the result of burrs created in the process
of incising the plate, similar to clumps of soil laid
to the edge of a furrowed trench. Francisco Goya, Correccion, 1799.
Etching on paper. Work is in the
public domain
 PRINTMAKING TECHNIQUES
 Planar prints like monoprints are created on the
surface of the matrix without any cutting or incising.
 In this technique the surface of the matrix (usually a
thin metal plate or Plexiglas) is completely covered
with ink, then areas are partially removed by wiping,
scratching away or otherwise removed to form the
image. 
 Paper is laid over the matrix, then run through a
press to transfer the image to the paper. Lithographic stone is on the left with the negative image.
 Lithography is another example of planar Printed positive image is on the right. Image by Chris73.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
printmaking, developed in Germany in the late
eighteenth century. “Litho” means “stone” and
“graph” means “to draw.” The traditional matrix for
lithography is the smooth surface of a limestone
block.
 PRINTMAKING TECHNIQUES
 Serigraphy, (screen printing)
 A printing technique that uses a woven
mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil.
 The attached stencil forms open areas of
mesh that transfer ink or other printable
materials that can be pressed through the
mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a
substrate such as paper or fabric.
 A roller or squeegee is moved across the
screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink
past the threads of the woven mesh in the
open areas.
Silkscreen box and stencil, image by Meul. Licensed through
Creative Commons.