NMB 31203: Heat and Mass Transfer

Topic 2: Heat conduction (Part 2)

Dr Mohamad Asmidzam Ahamat
Mechanical Engineering Section,
UniKL MFI

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 Content
 
• Introduction to Heat Conduction.
• General conduction equation
• Rectangular, Cylindrical & Spherical Coordinate System
• Boundary conditions
• Variable thermal conductivity
• 1D Steady State Thermal resistance method (Rectangular
system)
• 1D Steady State Thermal resistance method (Radial system)
• Transient heat conduction
• Extended surface

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Steady heat conduction in plane walls
From energy balance principle

Or it can be written as

 For a steady state heat conduction,

Then, perform integration

 The then can be written as

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 Concept of thermal resistance
Thermal resistance concept for conduction, from heat conduction equation

The thermal resistance for heat conduction

Thermal resistance concept for heat convection, from Newton’s Law of Cooling

The thermal resistance concept heat convection

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 Concept of thermal resistance
Thermal resistance concept for radiation, from heat radiation equation

The thermal resistance for heat radiation

Where hrad is

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 Concept of thermal resistance (Wall)
Analogy between thermal and electrical resistance network

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 Concept of thermal resistance (Wall)
Parallel resistance network Series resistance network

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Concept of thermal resistance (Cylinder and
Sphere)
Thermal resistance for cylindrical

Thermal resistance for spherical

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Concept of thermal resistance (Multilayer
cylinder)

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 Heat transfer through a fin

Assumptions:
1. Steady operation with no heat
generation
2. Thermal conductivity is
constant
3. Heat transfer coefficient(h) is
constant and uniform

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 Heat transfer through a fin
Boundary condition at the base of the fin
1. θ(0)= θb=Tb- T∞

Boundary conditions at fin tip

1. Infinitely long fin (Tfin tip = T∞)
2. Negligible heat loss from the fin tip(adiabatic tip)
3. Convection or convection and radiation from fin tip

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 Heat transfer through a fin
Infinitely long fin (Tfin tip = T∞)
Boundary conditions at fin tip
 ( L)  T ( L)  T  0
Temperature variation along the fin

Heat transfer from the entire fin

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 Heat transfer through a fin
(Adiabatic fin tip)
Boundary conditions at fin tip
d
0
dx x L

Temperature variation along the fin

Heat transfer from the entire fin

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 Heat transfer through a fin
(Convection/convection and radiation from the tip)

Corrected fin length

Ac
Lc  L 
p
Where
Lc is corrected fin length
p is perimeter
Ac is cross sectional area

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Heat transfer through a fin
(Fin efficiency)

Maximum heat transfer

through fin
Q  hA (T  T )
fin, max fin b 

Temperature drop occurs

along the fin, and
efficiency defined as
Q fin
 fin  
Q fin,max
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 Heat transfer through a fin
(Fin efficiency)
For a very long fin

For an insulated tip

Heat Exchanger(FRB 30403) 16

Heat transfer through a fin
(Fin efficiency)

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Heat transfer through a fin
(Fin efficiency)

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Conduction through a fin
(Fin effectiveness)

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 Conduction through a fin
(Fin effectiveness)
Effectiveness for a fin

For a very long fin

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 Conduction through a fin
(Fin effectiveness)
Overall effectiveness
(finned and un-fin area)

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 Conduction through a fin
(Fin effectiveness)

What is meant by effectiveness?

If the effectiveness
a) = 1, fin does not affect heat transfer
b) >1, fin is enhancing heat transfer
c) <1, fin acts as an ‘insulation’

Fin only useful when the effectiveness is sufficiently

larger than 1.

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Conduction through a fin
(Proper length of a fin)

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