CHAPTER 2

Frequency
Distributions and
Graphic Presentations
CONSTRUCTING A FREQUENCY
TABLE
 FREQUENCY TABLE A grouping of qualitative data into
mutually exclusive classes showing the number of observations
in each class.

 TABLE 2–1 Frequency Table for Vehicles Sold Last Month at

Applewood Auto Group by Location
 Location Number of Cars
 Kane 52
 Olean 40
 Sheffield 45
 Tionesta 43
 Total 180
 RELATIVE FREQUENCY

 2 Relative Frequency Table of Vehicles Sold by Type Last Month

at Applewood Auto Group

 Location Number of Cars Relative Frequency

 Kane 52 0.289
 Olean 40 0.222
 Sheffield 45 0.250
 Tionesta 43 0.239
 Total 180 1.000
GRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF
QUALITATIVE DATA
 BAR CHART
 A graph that shows qualitative classes on the
horizontal axis and the class frequencies on the
vertical axis. The class frequencies are proportional to
the heights of the bars.
PIE CHART
 A chart that shows the proportion or percentage that
each class represents of the total number of
frequencies.
 TABLE 2–3 Ohio State Lottery Expenses in 2019
 Amount Percentage
 Use of Sales ($ million) of Sales
 Prizes 1,460.0 60
 Education 702.3 29
 Bonuses 150.0 6
 Expenses 124.3 5
 Total 2,436.6 100
CONSTRUCTING FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTIONS: QUANTITATIVE DATA

 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION A grouping of data

into mutually exclusive classes showing the number
of observations in each class.
CONSTRUCTING FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

65 98 55 62 79
59 51 90 72 56
70 62 66 80 94
79 63 73 71 85
50 60 45 66 83
RELATIVE FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
 A relative
frequency converts the frequency to a
percentage.
GRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF A
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
 HISTOGRAM

 A graph in which the classes are marked on the

horizontal axis and the class frequencies on the
vertical axis. The class frequencies are represented by
the heights of the bars, and the bars are drawn adjacent
to each other.
CONSTRUCT A HISTOGRAM
Selling Price Frequency
15 up to 18 8
18 up to 21 23
21 up to 24 17
24 up to 27 18
27 up to 30 8
30 up to 33 4
33 up to 36 2
Total 80
FREQUENCY POLYGON

 A frequency polygon also shows the shape of a

distribution and is similar to a histogram. It consists of
line segments connecting the points formed by the
intersections of the class midpoints and the class
frequencies.

 Cumulative Frequency Distributions

EXERCISE
 The following data give the weekly amounts spent on groceries for
a sample of households.
 $271 $363 $159 $76 $227 $337 $295 $319 $250

 279 205 279 266 199 177 162 232 303

 192 181 321 309 246 278 50 41 335
 116 100 151 240 474 297 170 188 320
 429 294 570 342 279 235 434 123 325
 a. How many classes would you recommend?

 b. What class interval would you suggest?

 c. What would you recommend as the lower limit of the first class?

 d. Organize the data into a frequency distribution.

 Find the relative frequency and cumulative frequency.
 Construct a histogram

 Construct a frequency polygon.