Presentation of Data

Source: Introduction to Statistical Theory Part-1; Chapter#2

 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
The organization of a set of data in a table showing the
distribution of the data into classes or groups together
with the number of observations in each class called a
frequency distribution. The number of observations
falling in a particular class is referred to as the class
frequency and is denoted by f.
Construction of Frequency Distribution
The following are some basic rules that should be kept in
mind when constructing a grouped frequency
distribution.
1) Total number of observations: N=……
2) Decide the number of classes:
K = 1 +3.3logN
3) Size of Class interval

I= Largest value – Smallest value

Number of classes
The following data represent the record high
temperatures for each of the 35 States.
Construct a Group Frequency table.
112 100 127120 134 118 105
113 110 109112 117 118 122
114 114 114105 109 107 112
115 114 118117 118 122 110
116 108 110121 113 119 104
The ages of a University Instructors are
shown below. Construct a Frequency
distribution.
57 54 52 48 41 60 54 34 30 39 43 45
58 63 67 61 42 47 49 40 38 34 35 30
59 51 58 54 50 61 60 60 43 46 49 35
60 44 43 41 37 31 32 38 30 37 41 50
The following sample data set lists the number of
minutes, 50 Internet subscribers spent on the Internet
during their most recent session. Construct a
Frequency Distribution.
50 40 41 17 11 07 22 44 28 21 19
23 37 51 54 42 88 41 78 56 72 56
17 07 69 30 80 56 29 33 46 31 39
20 18 29 34 59 73 77 36 39 30 62
54 67 39 31 53 44
The data represent the price (in cents per
pound) paid to 28 farmers for apples.
Construct the Frequency Distribution.
19.219.616.417.1 19.017.417.320.1 19.017.517.6
18.6
18.417.719.518.4 18.917.5
19.320.819.318.6 18.618.3
17.118.116.817.9
Graphical Presentation
•Histogram
•Frequency Polygon
•Pie Chart
 Histogram
A histogram is a bar graph that shows
the frequency distribution of a data set.
 Frequency Polygon
A frequency polygon is a line graph that
displays the frequency of each class..
Construct Histogram and Frequency
Polygon from the following Data:
Ages 16------20 21------25 26-------30 31-------35 36-------40 41-------45
Frequency 300 450 600 350 250 200

Income($) 05------07 08------10 11-------13 14-------16 17-------19 20-------22

Frequency 20 25 15 10 28 5

Marks 1------10 11------20 21-------30 31-------40 41-------50

Frequency 3 7 10 5 20
 Pie Chart
A pie chart is a circle that is divided
into sectors that represent categories.
The numbers of motor vehicle occupants
killed in crashes in 2001 are shown in the
table. Use a Pie chart to organize the data.
Vehicle type Killed
Cars 20,269
Trucks 12,260
Motorcycles 3,067
Other 612
Use a Pie chart to display the data. The data
represent the number of Nobel Awards by
following Countries.
Country Nobel Prizes
United States 270
United Kingdom 100
France 49
Sweden 30
Germany 77
A survey showed this distribution for the
number of students enrolled in each field.
Use Pie chart to organize the data.
Fields Number of Students
LLB 450
Computer Science 750
BBA 1500
Engineering 550
MBA 850
Use a Pie chart to display the data. The data
represent the estimated 2003 NASA space shuttle
operations expenditures (in millions of dollars).
Items Expenditures
External tank 265.4
Main engine 249.0
Reusable solid rocket motor 374.9
Solid rocket booster 156.3
Vehicle and extravehicular activity 636.1
Flight hardware upgrades 162.6