Sustainable Development Goals

Professor Dr. Uzaira Rafique

Dean Faculty of Science and Technology
Fatima Jinnah Women University
Rawalpindi, Pakistan
History: Earth Summit

• World Largest Land mark event that proved to be the

commitment for protection of environment held from 3-14
June 1992.
• 27 Principles of Rio Declaration introduced the mandate of
Sustainable Development for global and local actions.
• Agenda 21 focused on cooperative generation of strategies for
Sustainable Development.
• Rio+5 review in 1997 observed many shortfalls in
implementation of Agenda 21 goals.
• The assembly recognized progress as uneven including
increasing globalization, inequalities in income and continued
deterioration of environment.
History: Millennium Development Goals
RIO +20: A Road To SGDs

• Substantial progress were observed regarding the

MDGs and the discussion of a post-2015 agenda
continues through The United Nations Conference
on Sustainable Development that took place on 20-
22 June 2012.
•  RIO +20 galvanized a process to develop a new set
of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which
will carry on the momentum generated by the
MDGs.
2030 Agenda: The Future We Want
Sustainable Development Goals
SGD-1:End Poverty in all forms

• Eradicate extreme poverty for all people, currently

measured as people living on less than $1.90/ day.
• Create sound policy framework, at national,
regional and international levels based on pro-poor
and gender sensitive development strategies to
support investments in poverty eradication actions
• Economic growth must be inclusive to provide
sustainable jobs and promote equality.
Progress of SGD-1
1992 World share of extreme poverty
2015

2017

From 1992-2015
Pakistan share
of extreme
poverty
decreased from
58.9 to 4%
Source: World Bank (http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators)
SGD-2: Food security with No Hunger

• If done right, agriculture, forestry and fisheries can

provide nutritious food for all and generate decent
incomes, while supporting people-centred rural
development and protecting the environment.
• A profound change of the global food and agriculture
system is needed if we are to nourish today’s 795
million hungry and the additional 2 billion people
expected by 2050.
• The food and agriculture sector offers key solutions for
development, and is central for hunger and poverty
eradication
 Progress of SGD-2
Share of the population that is undernourished
2002

From 2000-2016
Pakistan could only
achieve from 23.5
to 20.5%
minimization of
undernourishment
2016
SDG-3: Ensure healthy lives for all

• Reduce the global maternal ratio to less than 70 per 100,000

live births.
• End preventable deaths of new born and under five children.
• Significant strides have been made in increasing life expectancy
and reducing some of the common killers associated with child
and maternal mortality.
• Major progress has been made on increasing access to clean
water and sanitation, reducing malaria, tuberculosis, polio and
the spread of HIV/AIDS.
• However, many more efforts are needed to fully eradicate a
wide range of diseases and address many different persistent
and emerging health issues.
Progress of SDG-3
SDG-4: Ensure quality education for all

• Ensure that all girls and boys complete free,

equitable and quality primary and secondary
education leading to relevant and effective learning
outcomes.
• Equal access to affordable technical, vocational and
higher education
• Eliminate all discrimination in education
• Expand higher education scholarships for
developing countries
Net Pre-Primary Enrolment Rate (2015)
Female Adult Literacy Rate (%)
 SDG-5:
Gender equality and women empowerment

• End all forms of discrimination against all women

and girls everywhere.
• Eliminate all forms of violence against all women
and girls.
• Eliminate child, early or forced marriage by 2030.
• Ensure full participation in leadership and decision-
making
• Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable
legislation for the promotion of gender equality.
Land Ownership Men vs Women
 SDG-6:
Ensure access to water and sanitation

• By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to

safe and affordable drinking water for all.
• Achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation
and hygiene for all.
• Improve water quality by reducing pollution,
eliminating dumping and minimizing release of
hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the
proportion of untreated wastewater and
substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse
globally.
• Transboundary water cooperation
Progress of SDG-6
2000

2015
 SDG-7:
Ensure access to affordable, sustainable and modern energy

• Ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and

modern energy services.
• Ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and
modern energy services.
• Expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for
supplying modern and sustainable energy services
for all in developing countries.
Progress of SGD-7
1992

2016
Renewable Energy consumption
 SDG-8:
Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth

• Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance

with national circumstances and, in particular, at
least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per
annum in the least developed countries.
• Improve resource efficiency in consumption and
production.
• Develop a global youth employment strategy by
2020.
Progress of SDG-8
SDG-9: Build resilient infrastructure

• Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient

infrastructure, including regional and transborder
infrastructure.
• Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization
• Facilitate sustainable infrastructure development for
developing countries
Progress of SDG-9
 SDG-10:
Reduce inequality within/among countries

• Progressively achieve and sustain income growth of

the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate
higher than the national average.
• Promote universal social, economic and political
inclusion
• Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of
outcome.
Membership of Pakistan in International organizations
 SDG-11:
Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainable
• Ensure access for all to adequate, safe and
affordable housing and basic services.
• Affordable and sustainable transport systems.
• Inclusive and sustainable urbanization.
• Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the
world’s cultural and natural heritage.
• Reduce the number of deaths and the number of
people affected by disasters
Progress of SDG-11
Progress of SDG-11
 SDG-12:
Ensure sustainable consumption and
production patterns
• Implement the 10‑Year Framework of Programmes
on Sustainable Consumption and Production
Patterns with all countries taking action by 2030.
• Sustainable management and use of natural
resources.
• Halve global per capita food waste.
• Substantially reduce waste generation through
prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse.
Role of Pakistan in Multilateral Agreements
 SDG-13:
Urgent action to combat climate change
and its impacts
• Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to
climate-related disasters.
• Integrate climate change measures into policy and
planning.
• Improve education, awareness-raising and human
and institutional capacity on climate change
mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early
warning
Green Climate Fund for Developing Countries
 SDG-14:
Conserve and sustainably use the
oceans, seas and marine resources
• Prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of
all kinds by 2025.
• By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine
and coastal ecosystems.
• Minimize and address the impacts of ocean
acidification.
• By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and
marine areas, consistent with national and
international law
 SDG-15:
Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification,
reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss
• By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and
sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater
ecosystems and their services.
• End deforestation and restore degraded forests.
• End desertification and restore degraded land
• Ensure conservation of mountain ecosystems
• Protect biodiversity and natural habitats
Condition of Forest Reserves

From 2000-2015, Pakistan Forest area

decreased from 2.7 to 1.9%
While Indians Forest reserves have been
increased from 21.99 to 23.77
Protection of Biodiversity
1993

2019
 SDG-16:
Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies

• Significantly reduce all forms of violence and

related death rates everywhere.
• Protect children from abuse, exploitation,
trafficking and violence.
• Promote the rule of law and ensure equal access to
justice
• Substantially reduce corruption and bribery.
 SDG-17:
Revitalize the global partnership for
sustainable development
• Mobilize resources to improve domestic revenue
collection.
• Implement all development assistance commitments
• Mobilize financial resources for developing
countries
• Assist developing countries in attaining debt
sustainability
• Adopt and implement investment promotion
regimes for least developed countries.
SDG Implementation: Role of countries
Role of Academia in achievement
of SDGs
Pakistan Commitment to SDGs
• Pakistan is one of the first country who have adopted the SDGs in its
national agenda in 2016.
• At the federal level, a SDGs Monitoring and Coordination Unit, in
coordination with UNDP, is being set up to serve as a national
coordinating entity with similar units in the provinces.
• Pakistan has designed a comprehensive National SDG Framework which
was approved by the National Economic Council (NEC), the country’s
highest economic policy-making forum, in March 2018.
• Over the past ten years, the poverty headcount has fallen by 26
percentage points and multi-dimensional poverty by 16 percentage
points. The national poverty alleviation programme, Ehsaas
(compassion), was launched in 2019 to expand social protection, safety
nets and support human capital development throughout the country.
• 10 Billion Tree Tsunami Program.