SOLUTIONS AND OTHER MIXTURES

MARK DENVER R. SANTIAGO, LPT I 09971783372 I markdenverroquesantiago@gmail.com

 Matter
Classifying Matter
The composition of a material
Substance Mixture can be used to classify it as a
mixture or a substance
The composition of a pure
substance is constant
Element Compound The composition of a mixture
can vary widely

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Types of Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixture: The parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another.
◦ Examples: Sand, Salsa, Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough

Homogeneous Mixture: The substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish
one substance in the mixture from another.
◦ Examples: Swimming pool water, Stainless steel fork
Solutions, Suspensions, & Colloids

Mixtures can be
classified based on
the size of their
largest particles.
Suspension
Suspension –
Settles out or separates into different layers when
it is no longer agitated
(no longer moving).
Heterogeneous mixture
Separates into layers over time
Particles can be trapped by filter paper (like a
coffee filter)
Are cloudy in appearance

Examples: Sand and Water

Filtration
Separates materials based
on the size of their
particles

Examples:
◦ Drip coffee makers
◦ Wire screens at an
archaeological site
Colloid particles are larger than the particles in a
solution.

No, you don’t need

to learn the exact
sizes of the particles,
just realize that
there is a defined
size.
Colloids
Contain some particles that are intermediate in size and are in between the small parts in a
solution, and the larger particles in a suspension.

They do not separate in layers

You can’t use a filter to separate the parts of a colloid
The scattering of light property can be used to separate them from
other mixtures
Colloids
Particles are large enough to scatter light.
That means that you actually see what we call a “beam of light” –
in a solution, which has really small particles, the light passes
right through.
Scattering of light
Slide #13 gives “opal” as an example of a
colloid. It’s a gemstone, and here’s what it
looks like.
Emulsions
Liquid/liquid systems of 2 immiscible substances are called
emulsion. Substances or particle size = 10-100 microns.

Examples: butter (w/o), margarine (w/o), mayonnaise (o/w),

salad dressing (o/w), milk (o/w), cream (o/w), and chip-dip (o/w).

Oil
Oil Oil H2O HO
2
Oil Oil
Oil Oil HO
2
H2O
Oil
Water Oil Oil Oil
Oil/Water Water/Oil
Solutions
Formed when substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture
Characteristics
◦ Do not separate into distinct layers over time
◦ Will not leave trapped substances when poured through a filter
◦ Most are translucent (clear or see-through)
Solutions
Solvent Solute

Substance that dissolves the solute, Substance that dissolves in the

stuff “doing the dissolving.” solution.
Water in salt and water Salt in the water
water in “sweet tea” Sugar in the tea
What you have the most of!
Chemicals put in your fish tank.
Using Properties to Separate Mixtures

Distillation & Filtration

are 2 common separation methods