IMOGENE M.

KING
THEORY OF GOAL
ATTAINMENT
BENOY, KAREN MAE FABILLAR
JUMAMOY, HERSHEY
ZAFRAN, FLOURENCE
IMOGENE KING
 Imogene M. King was born on January 30, 1923, in
West Point, Iowa.

 During her early high school years, she decided to

pursue a career in teaching. However, her uncle, the
town surgeon, offered to pay her tuition to nursing
school. She eventually accepted the offer.
EDUCATION
Diploma in Nursing from St.
John’s Hospital School of
Nursing in St. Louis,
Missouri.
developed a master’s degree
program in nursing based on a
nursing conceptual framework
Master of Science in at Loyola University in
Nursing from St. Louis Chicago
University.

1948 1961

1945 1957 1966

Bachelor of Science in received her EdD at
Nursing Education, which Teacher’s College,
she received from St. Louis Columbia University,
University New York
CAREER AND
APPOINTMENTS
1947-1958
instructor in Medical-
Surgical nursing and was an
assistant director at St. John’s
Hospital School of Nursing
1968
“A Conceptual Frame
A of Reference for
Nursing” was
published in Nursing
1964 Research
Her first theory
article appeared in
1964 in the journal, 1969
Nursing Science
World Health Organization
nursing research seminar
CAREER AND
APPOINTMENTS
1980
appointed professor at
1968-1972 A the University of South
Florida College of
director of the School of Nursing, in Tampa.
Nursing at Ohio State
1978-1980
University in Columbus Coordinator of
Research in Clinical
Nursing at the Loyola
Medical Center
Department of Nursing
1990
Retirement
 AWARDS AND
HONORS
1989
1973
STTI Elizabeth Russell Belford
Toward a Theory for Nursing: General Founders Award for Excellence
Concepts of Human Behavior, received in Education
the American Journal of Nursing Book of the
Year Award
1994
1980
King was inducted into
honorary PhD from Southern the American Academy of
Illinois University Nursing (AAN) and served on
the AAN Theory Expert Panel
 1997
King received a gold
medallion from Governor Chiles
for advancing the nursing
profession in the State of Florida
1999
King was inducted into the Teachers
College, Columbia University of
Hall of Fame.

2004
1998 she was inducted into the FNA
Hall of Fame and the ANA Hall of
she received an honorary Fame
doctorate from Loyola University,
2005
where her “Nursing Collection” is
housed. She was inducted as a Living
Legend
KING’s DEATH
 Imogene King died on December 24, 2007, two days after
suffering from stroke.

 King’s memorial services were held on January 4th in St.

Pete Beach, Florida, and January 19th in Fort Madison,
Iowa, where she was buried

 Patricia Messmer read the Nightingale Tribute, which

included a synopsis of King’s career and a poem, “Imogene
Was There.”
 PHILOSOPHY
The question that motivated King to
develop this theory was, “What is the
nature of nursing?” (King, 1995b, p. 25).
“the way in which nurses, in
their role, do with and for
individuals that differentiates
nursing from other health
professionals” (King, 1995b,
p. 26)
 “The human process of interactions formed the basis
le- for designing a model of transactions that depicted
s M i d d
King’ ry of
theoretical knowledge used by nurses to help
T h e o
R an ge
individuals and groups attain goals”
G oa l
ent - Imogene King
Attainm (King, 1995b, p. 27)
 e d o n:
is b a s
s et t i ng
l goa l
Mutua s, pr ob l em s, an d
lient’s concern
t o f a c
e s’ a s sessmen
(a) nur s
e s i n h ealth; e rf e re n ce; and
disturba
nc
ti o ns o f the int
p
c lie n t s’ perce c t io n s t o help
b ) n u rs es’ and r eb y each fun
(
o r m a t ion whe
h a ri n g of in f
t w i th family
s ac
(c) their ttain the goals n, nurses inter ly participate
nt a dditio erbal
the clie e d. In a a n n o t v
identifi h e n clients c l setting
rs w oa
membe in the g
 KING’
THEORYSOF GOAL
ATTAINMENT
The nurse and patient go hand-in-hand in
communicating information, set goals
together, and then take actions to achieve
those goals towards good health
MAJOR CONCEPT
01 HEALT
H 02

SELF
NURSING
03
 Health
 defined as dynamic life
 process of action,
experiences of a human
being
 continuous adjustment to
stressors in the internal
and external
environment through
optimum use of one’s
resources
Nursing Self
 composite of thoughts
and feelings
reaction, and
 a person’s self is the
interaction whereby
sum total of all they
nurse and client share
can call theirs
information about
 the self includes,
their perceptions in
among other things, a
the nursing situation
system of ideas,
attitudes, values, and
commitments
 DYNAMIC
CONCEPTUA
L SYSTEMS
Three interacting systems in the
Dynamic Conceptual Systems:

 personal system,
 interpersonal system,
 social system.
 Personal Systems

SELF GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT BODY IMAGE
person’s awareness of
his individual existence, move from a potential for one perceives both one’s body
his conception of who the achievement to the and others’ reactions to one’s
and what he is actualization of self appearance

TIME SPACE
 a duration between one event and another as physical area known as “territory”
uniquely experienced by each human being and by the behaviors of those
occupying it
 INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATIO SYSTEMS
INTERACTION N
information is given from one TRANSACTIONS
observable behaviors of person to another either directly
two or more individuals a process of interactions in which
in a face-to-face meeting or
in mutual presence indirectly human beings communicate with the
environment to achieve goals that
are valued
STRESS
 dynamic state where human being interacts with the ROLE
environment to maintain balance for growth,
development, and performance reciprocity in that a person may be a
 exchange of energy and information for regulation
giver at one time and a taker at
and control of stressors another time

POWER
is the ability to use and
to mobilize resources to
achieve goals
CONTROL
Sub-concept in the social system but
was not further defined
SOCIAL SYSTEMS
STATUS
position of an individual in a
group or a group in relation to
other groups in an organization
DECISION
MAKING
dynamic and systematic process by which
goal-directed choice of perceived
alternatives is made and acted upon by
individuals or groups to answer a question
and attain a goal
MODEL OF
TRANSACTION
8 Propositions of Goal Attainment Theory
1. If perceptual congruence is present in nurse-patient interactions, transactions will occur.

2. If nurse and patient make transactions, goals will be attained.

3. If goals are attained, satisfactions will occur.

4. If goals are attained, effective nursing care will occur.

5. If transactions are made in nurse-patient interactions, growth and development

will be enhanced.

6. If role expectations and role performance as perceived by nurse and

patient are congruent, transactions will occur.
8 Propositions of Goal Attainment Theory
7. If role conflict is experienced by nurse
and patient or both, stress in nurse-patient
interactions will occur.

8. If nurses with special knowledge and skills

communicate appropriate information to clients, mutual
goal setting (transactions) and goal attainment will
occur.
METAPARADIG
M PERSON
NURSING

ENVIRONME HEALTH
NT
PERSON
Human beings are open systems interacting with their environments
constantly.

Individuals have the ability through their language and other symbols
to record their history and preserve their culture (King, 1986).

Individuals are unique and holistic, and capable of rational thinking and
decision making (King, 1995).

Individuals differ in their needs, wants, and goals (King, 1995a).

 THREE
FUNDAMENTAL 2.
Care that aims to prevent
NEEDS illness

1. 3.
Information on health that Care in times of
can be accessed and utilized illness/helplessness
when needed
HEALTH
Health is a dynamic state in life cycle, while illness interferes
with that process.

Health “implies continuous adjustment to stress in the internal

and external environment through the optimum use of one‘s
resources to achieve the maximum potential for daily living”
(King, 1981, p. 5).
ENVIRONMENT
Environment is the background for human
interactions.
Internal environment
External environment

A nurse is considered a part of the patient‘s

environment.
NURSING
Nursing is an interpersonal process of action, reaction,
interaction, and transaction.

Perceptions of a nurse and a patient influence the interpersonal

process.

Goal of nursing: to help individuals maintain their health so

they can function in their roles (King, 1981).
 REFERENCES!
● Imogene King Biography. (n.d.). Retrieved July 7, 2014, from https://king.clubexpress.com/content.aspx?
page_id=22&club_id=459369&module_id=59920
● https://www.reflectionsonnursingleadership.org/
● Alligood, M., & Tomey, A. (2010). Nursing theorists and their work, seventh edition. Maryland Heights: Mosby-
Elsevier.
● Safier, G. (1977). Contemporary American leaders in nursing: An oral history. New York: McGraw Hill.
● Imogene King Biography. (n.d.). Retrieved July 7, 2014, from https://king.clubexpress.com/content.aspx?
page_id=22&club_id=459369&module_id=59920
● King, I. M. (1971). Toward a theory for nursing. In George, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories: the base for professional
nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
● King, I. (1981). A theory for nursing: Systems, concepts, process. In McEwen, M. and Wills, E.
(Ed.). Theoretical basis for nursing. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
● King, I. M. (1986). Curriculum and instruction in nursing. In George, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories: the base for
professional nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
● King, I.M. (1990). A theory for nursing: Systems, concepts, process. In George, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories: the
base for professional nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
● King, I. M. (1995). A systems framework for nursing. In McEwen, M. and Wills, E. (Ed.). Theoretical basis for
nursing. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
THAN
K
YOU!