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Elementary Data Structures

Data Structures
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TOPICS

ARRAYS

STRUCTURES

POINTERS
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TOPICS

ARRAYS

STRUCTURES

POINTERS
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ARRAYS

Arrays

 Is a collection of objects with the same type.

 Is conceptually defined as a collection of <index, value>
pair.
 Usually implemented using indices starting at 0.
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ARRAYS

Arrays

 A data structure for storing more than one data item that
has a similar data type.
 Is the most convenient method to store a collection of
objects.
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ARRAYS

Arrays

 The items of an array are allocated at adjacent memory

locations – elements of that array.
 The total number of elements in an array is called
length(size).
 Elements can be accessed thru index or subscript.
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ARRAYS

1 ARRAY
2 ELEMENTS

A B C D
0 1 2 3

Array Length = 4
3 INDEX First Index =0
Last Index =3
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ARRAYS
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ARRAYS

Java C++

int[] anArray; int anArray[5];

anArray = new int[5];
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ARRAYS

Java
int[] anArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

C++
int anArray[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
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ARRAYS
Operation on an Array

 Traversing – visiting elements per index.

 Searching – determine whether an element is present.
 Update – update an element at the given index.
 Insertion – adds an element at the given index.
 Deletion – deletes an element at the given index.
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ARRAYS

Traversing

A B C D
0 1 2 3
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ARRAYS

Traversing

A B C D
0 1 2 3
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ARRAYS

Traversing

A B C D
0 1 2 3
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ARRAYS

Traversing

A B C D
0 1 2 3
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ARRAYS

Traversing

A B C D
0 1 2 3
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ARRAYS

Searching

A B C D
0 1 2 3

Find n-value from array list. Suppose n-value is ”C.”

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ARRAYS

Searching

A B C D
0 1 2 3
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ARRAYS

Searching

A B C D
0 1 2 3
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ARRAYS

Searching

A B C D
0 1 2 3
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ARRAYS

Searching

A B C D
0 1 2 3

N-value is ”C” is at array index 2.

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ARRAYS

Update

A B C D
0 1 2 3

Update value at index 2 with value “D”.

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ARRAYS

Update

A B C D
0 1 2 3

Index 2 value equal to “C”

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ARRAYS

Update

A B D D
0 1 2 3

Replace index 2 value with “D”

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ARRAYS

Insert

A B C D
0 1 2 3

Insert value “E” at index 2.

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ARRAYS

Insert

A B C D
0 1 2 3
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ARRAYS

Insert

A B E D
0 1 2 3

“C” value is then dropped to a temporary storage.

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ARRAYS

Insert

A B E C
0 1 2 3

“D” value is then dropped to a temporary storage.

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ARRAYS

Insert

A B E C D
0 1 2 3 4

“D” value is then added at the end of the array.

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ARRAYS

Insert

A B C D
0 1 2 3
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ARRAYS

Insert

A B C D
0 1 2 3 4
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ARRAYS

Insert

A B C D D
0 1 2 3 4
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ARRAYS

Insert

A B C D D
0 1 2 3 4
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ARRAYS

Insert

A B C C D
0 1 2 3 4
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ARRAYS

Insert

A B C C D
0 1 2 3 4
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ARRAYS

Insert

A B E C D
0 1 2 3 4
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ARRAYS

Delete

A B E C D
0 1 2 3 4

Delete index 2.
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ARRAYS

Delete

A B E C D
0 1 2 3 4
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ARRAYS

Delete

A B C D
0 1 2 3 4
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ARRAYS

Insert

A B C C D
0 1 2 3 4
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ARRAYS

Insert

A B C D D
0 1 2 3 4
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ARRAYS

Delete

A B C D
0 1 2 3
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ARRAYS

Two-Dimension Arrays

int myArray[row][col]
int myArray[2][4]
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ARRAYS

Two-Dimension Arrays
0 1 2 3

0
A B C D

1
A B C D
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TOPICS

ARRAYS

STRUCTURES

POINTERS
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STRUCTURES

Structures/ Struct

 Is a collection of variables under a single name.

 A composite data type declaration that defines a grouped
list of variables under one name.
 Aggregating associated data into a single variable.
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STRUCTURES

BOX STUDENT PROFILE

Width Student Name

Length Student Course
Height Student Year

Student’s Enrolled
Subjects
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STRUCTURES

struct nameOfStruct
{
type member;
type member;
};
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STRUCTURES

struct Box
{
int width;
int length;
int height;
};
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STRUCTURES

To declare a variable:

struct nameofStruct variable_name;

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STRUCTURES

int main()
{
struct Box b;
};
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STRUCTURES

int main()
We use a period “.” to get to the
{
elements of a struct.
struct Box b;

b.width = 10;

b.length = 30;

b.height = 10;

};
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TOPICS

ARRAYS

STRUCTURES

POINTERS
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POINTERS

Pointer

 is a variable that stores the address of another

variable.
 is a variable that stores memory addresses
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POINTERS

Pointer
num

10

0x7fff569adc58
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POINTERS

Pointer
num Variable name

10 Value of num

0x7fff569adc58 Address of num

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POINTERS

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
//Variable declaration
int num = 10;
//Pointer declaration
int *p;
//Assigning address of num to the pointer p
p=#
printf("Address of variable num is: %p", p);
return 0;
}

Output: Address of variable num is: 0x7fff5694dc58

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POINTERS

Operators that are used with Pointers:

 “Address of” (&) Operator

“Value at Address” (*) Operator
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POINTERS

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
/* Pointer of integer type, this can hold the * address of a integer type variable. */ int *p;
int var = 10;
/* Assigning the address of variable var to the pointer * p. The p can hold the address of var because var is * an integer
type variable. */
p= &var;
printf("Value of variable var is: %d", var);
printf("\nValue of variable var is: %d", *p);
printf("\nAddress of variable var is: %p", &var);
printf("\nAddress of variable var is: %p", p);
printf("\nAddress of pointer p is: %p", &p);
return 0;
}
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POINTERS

Output:

Value of variable var is: 10

Value of variable var is: 10
Address of variable var is: 0x7fff5ed98c4c
Address of variable var is: 0x7fff5ed98c4c
Address of pointer p is: 0x7fff5ed98c50
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POINTERS

int var = 10;

int *p;
p = &var;

p var
0x7fff5ed98c4c 10
0x7fff5ed98c50 0x7fff5ed98c4c
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