IGCSE BIOLOGY

Chapter 3: Releasing Energy

Copyright © 2017 Henry Exham

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1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Objectives
• Can you remember how respiration releases
energy?
• Can you write out the word equation, and the
balanced symbol equation, for aerobic
respiration?
• Can you write out the word equation for
anaerobic respiration?
• What are the differences between aerobic and
anaerobic respiration?
• Can you describe simple experiments to show
that carbon dioxide and heat are produced
by respiring seeds or other suitable living
organisms? (Separate science only)
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1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Respiration

• Respiration is a chemical reaction that happens in

all our cells to release energy.
• This can be used for
– Contraction of muscle cells, producing movement
– Active transport of molecules and ions
– Building large molecules, such as proteins
– Cell division

• The reaction also releases some heat which

is used to maintain steady body
temperature.

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1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Respiration

• Your cells can carry out two types of

respiration.
• One with oxygen which is called aerobic
respiration and one without oxygen called
anaerobic respiration.

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 1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Aerobic Respiration

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 1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Aerobic Respiration

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 1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Aerobic Respiration

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 1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration

• Respiration without oxygen.

• We shall look at examples in two types of cell.

Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham

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1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration

• Respiration without oxygen.

• We shall look at examples in two types of cell.

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 1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration

• Respiration without oxygen.

• We shall look at examples in two types of cell.

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1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
YEAST

• Also known as FERMENTATION.

• Yeast cells are single celled fungi.
• Used for commercial purposes such as
brewing.

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1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
YEAST

• Also known as FERMENTATION.

• Yeast cells are single celled fungi.
• Used for commercial purposes such as
brewing.

Glucose Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+ some energy)

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1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
MUSCLE

• Occurs when the blood cannot reach the

muscles fast enough to supply them
with the required oxygen.

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 1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
MUSCLE

• Occurs when the blood cannot reach the

muscles fast enough to supply them
with the required oxygen.
Glucose Lactic Acid (+ some energy)

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 1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
MUSCLE

• Anaerobic respiration provides enough energy to

keep the muscles working for a short time.
• However lactic acid builds up in the blood which
causes cramps.
• The lactic acid has to be broken down using
oxygen.
• The volume of oxygen needed to completely
oxidise the lactic acid that builds up in the body
during anaerobic respiration is called oxygen
debt
Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
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 1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Aerobic or Anaerobic Respiration

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1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Respiration experiments

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1.1 Life Processes - Respiration
Respiration experiments

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