FIBER FINENESS

Fiber Fineness:

Fiber fineness is one the most important fiber characteristics. The Fiber

Fineness determines how many fibers are present in the cross-section of a yarn of
given thickness. Minimum thirty fibers are needed in the yarn cross-section but there
are usually hundred. For almost all new spinning process one hundred is
approximately the lower limit. Fiber Fineness is measured in micronaire value
(MIC).

Units of Fiber Fineness:

Unite of fiber Fineness can maser in Four
system
1. British System.
2. American System
3. International System
4. Denier System
1.British System:

In England the Linear density is called either the fiber weight per centimeter or
the hair Weight per centimeter ,H. The unite weight is the milligram x10-5 thus
the fiber weight per cm for a American upland Cotton may be 192 i.e. (192mg x
10-5)/cm

2.American System:

In America the weight is the microgram (g x 10-6) and the length unit is in the
inch. The linear density of the American upland Cotton would be 4.94µg/inch
(micronaire value)
Relation Between Two Fineness Measuring System:
We Know that,

American Linear Density=Fiber Weight in gm x10-6/inch

=A x 10-6gm/inch

British Liner Density= Fiber weight in mg x10-5/cm

=Fiber weight in gm x 10-3 x 10-5/cm
= H x 10-8 gm/inch [1 inch= 2.54 cm]

We have,

A x 10-6 = H x 10-8 x 2.54

=> A = H x 10-2 x 2.54
Micronaire value Classification of Fiber

3 or <3.0 ------------------------ Very Fine

3.0 - 3.9 ------------------------ Fine
4.0 – 4.9 ----------------------- Average
5.0 – 5.9 ------------------------ Course
6.0 or Above ------------------------- Very Course

Importance Of Fiber Fineness:

1.A more uniform and a stronger yarn will result from the fine fiber
2.A fine fibre can be spun to finer counts than a course fibre.
3.The finer the fibre the higher the number and the lower the irregularity.
4.Finer fibre decreases the number of neps
5.Fineness determines the spinning limit of fibre.
Principles of fineness Measurement:
 
1.Gravimetric Method
2.Optical Method
3.Measurment of fineness by vibroscop
4.Air Flow Method (WIRA cotton Fineness meter)

Air Flow Method:

 
Principle: In this method fibre fineness is measured by air flow. If larger
amount of airis flows, the fibre will be course and if small amount of air is
flow, the fibre will be fine. The method based on this Principle.
Calculation:
Specific surface define (d) as the ratio of surface area volume i.e.

Specific surface = Surface area/ volume

 
Let, the volume of the cylinder V=Cross sectional Area(A) x Length(L)

 
And Surface area of Cylinder (ignoring the end) =

Therefore Specific Surface,

This ratio is equal to the ratio of =