6.

5 Optical Instrument
Alatan Optik
membesarkan imej
Enlarge the image
1 kanta cembung
1 convex lens

u<f

maya, tegak, besar

Virtual, upright, magnified
 Kanta Pembesar
Magnifying Glass

Image

object
fo fo
melihat objek seni
To see small object
2 kanta cembung
2 convex lenses
fo < f e

fO < u < 2fO

nyata, songsang, besar u < fe

Real, inverted,
magnified maya, tegak, besar
Virtual, upright , magnified
 Mikroskop / Microscope
Kanta mata
eyepiece lens
Kanta objektif
Objective lens

fo < fe

fo fe
Kedudukan objek / position of object: fo < u1 < 2fo Imej pertama: nyata,
Kanta objektif songsang, besar
Objective lens The first image: real,
inverted, magnified.
Object

2fo f fo
o

Image/
object 2
 Magnifying Glass/ Simple Microscope
Object is located at u < f

Image object
fo fo
The image formed is
virtual, upright and
magnified.
Imej 1: nyata,
songsang, besar Kanta objektif Kanta mata
Image 1: real, Objective lens eyepiece lens
inverted, magnified.

Object Mark fe
(u2 < fe)

2fo f fo fe fe
o
objek: fo < u1 < 2fo
Imej 1 = objek 2
objek 2

Imej akhir
final image
 nyata, songsang, kecil
melihat objek jauh Real, inverted,
To see distant object diminished
2 kanta cembung
2 convex lens u = fe
fo > fe maya, terbalik, besar
Virtual, inverted,
Infiniti /jauh / distant
magnified at ∞
sinar selari
Parallel rays fO + fe

titik fokus fO fO
Focal point fO fe
 Teleskop Astronomi
Astronimical Telescope
Kanta mata
Eyepiece lens
Kanta objektif
Objective lens

fo > fe

fo fe
Objek: infinity 1st imej di fO
Sinar selari Kanta objektif
Objective lens Nyata, songsang, kecil
parallel rays Real, inverted diminished.

fo fo
 The first image now becomes the object for
the eyepiece lens.

Objective lens eyepiece lens

fe
fo fe
fo

The eyepiece lens is adjusted so that the first

image is situated at the focal point of the
eyepiece lens, F .
Objek: infinity Pelarasan normal
Sinar selari normal adjustment.fO + fe
parallel rays Kanta objektif Kanta mata
Objective lens eyepiece lens
fo fe
fe
u2 = fe fo fe
fo
1st imej di fO
Nyata, songsang, kecil
Real, inverted diminished.
Imej akhir di infinity
Untuk pelarasan normal, jarak antara kanta
objektif dan kanta mata:fo + fe.
For normal adjustment of the telescope, the
separation between the two lenses is fo + fe.
Pembesaran teleskop:
fo
The magnification of the telescope: m =
fe
Kanta objektif / The objective lens:
- Diameter besar supaya lebih cahaya masuk dan imej lebih cerah
- have bigger diameter so that more light can enter to get a brighter
image.
- Pembesaran besar supaya imej besar
- Large magnification so that it will produce bigger image.
 Nyata, songsang, besar
Real, inverted,
magnified
Nyata, songsang, kecil

Real, inverted,
diminished
 f = 10 cm
f = 10 cm

u = f = 10 cm, imaged at infinity u = f = 10 cm, imej di infiniti

u = 2f = 20 cm, same sized f = 10 cm u = 2f = 20 cm, sama saiz
f = 10 cm
Image blurs
Imej kabur

20 cm 20 cm

20 cm + 10 cm = 30 cm 20 cm + 10 cm = 30 cm
13
 13
Q, S

Have largest diameter/

Largest magnification/ diameter besar
pembesaran besar

S
14

image

Kanta cembung /
convex lens
 14

Virtual / maya

Upright / tegak
14
 14

fo < uo < 2fo

Image formed is real, inverted, magnified

Imej nyata, songsang , besar
d > (fo + fe)

ui < fe
 14
u < fe

Final image virtual / magnified

Imej akhir maya dan besar