01 WN - BT1001 - E01 - 1 CS Principle Overview-56

CS Principle Overview
ZTE UNIVERSITY
Contents
 2G/3G Overview
 R99 Network Topology
 R4/R5 Evolution
2
Landmarks before 3G
1876 1970
speaking telegraph 10101010

(Graham Bell) First digital switch
• • •
1897 — — —
• • • 1982
First wireless transmission

(Marconi) First commercial
cellular system
1946 1992
10101010
The first public mobile First fully digital cellular system
telephone GSM
3
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved
Analog cellular systems
1981 NMT 1982 AMPS

Others
450 MHz 和 900 MHz 800 MHz
1985 1986
RADIOCOM 2000 C.450
NORWAY, DENMARK UK 1985 TACS FRANCE GERMANY
FINLAND, SWEDEN, 800 and 900 MHz 400 MHz 450 MHz
FRANCE (450 MHz) 900 MHz
Japan
• NTT cellular (1979)
• JTACS (1988)
4
Analog cellular systems
1000User 1000* n User

2 2
3 3
FDMA 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
1 1 1
2 2
3 3
1 1
5
Disadvantages of Analog Cellular Systems
 High terminal and services costs

 Low capacity
 Difficult to develop new services
 Low level of security (confidentiality and fraud prevention)
6
Digital cellular systems -2G
CDMA TDMA
GSM PDC
IS-95 IS-136
7
Channels
Channel: An individually-assigned, dedicated

FDMA
pathway through a transmission medium for
one user’s information.
Power
cy
 FDMA-- Frequency Division Multiple Access Tim eq
u en
e Fr
 Each user on a different frequency
 A channel is a frequency TDMA
 TDMA --Time Division Multiple Access
Power
 Each user on a different window period in time
cy
(“time slot”) Tim uen
q
e Fre
 A channel is a specific time slot on a specific
frequency
CDMA
 CDMA-- Code Division Multiple Access
 A channel is a unique code pattern Power
 Each user uses the same frequency all the time, but cy
n
Tim ue
mixed with different distinguishing code patterns eq
e Fr
8
Features and Benefits of 2G
Benefits Benefits from digital
Low Terminal and

World Market $ services cost
Superior speech quality

Open System
Higher data rate
International roaming
High level of security
9
Booming of Data Applications
But… Baseline: Configurable Platform
WAN Cable, DSL
Digital Broadcast
3G Cellular / WLL
LAN POTS
Baseline: HPNA
HPNA 1.0 -> HPNA 2.0
HomeRF/802.11b -> 802.11a (5 GHz)
100BT (Tech Zealots)
PAN
Baseline: USB
USB -> USB 2.0
900 MHz -> Bluetooth
Serial/Parallel -> USB
IEEE P1394a -> IEEE P1394b
10m
100m
10
Why 3G?
 Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!!

 For the consumer
 Video streaming, TV broadcast
 Video calls, video clips – news, music, sports
 Enhanced gaming, chat, location services…
 For business
 High speed teleworking / VPN access
 Sales force automation
 Video conferencing
 Real-time financial information
11
3G-IMT2000
 1985 FPLMTS being put forward

 FPLMTS: Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System
 1996 Renamed by IMT-2000

 IMT2000: International Mobile Telecommunication 2000
 Meaning of ‘2000’

frequency spectrum around 2000MHz

putting into business about 2002

data rate up to 2000kbps
 Frequency Range
 1992,WRC-92,230MHz

1885-2025MHz(uplink),2110-2200MHz(downlink)
 – May,2000, WRC-2000, spread frequency range

806-960MHz,1710-1885MHz & 2500-2690MHz
12
IMT2000 Wireless Interface Standard
 ITU-R received 10 terrestrial RTT techniques in 1998

No Technique Provided Duplex Provider
1 J: WCDMA FDD, TDD Japan: ARIB
2 ETSI-UTRA-UMTS FDD, TDD Europe: ETSI
3 WIMS W-CDMA FDD U.S.A: TIA
4 WCDMA/NA FDD U.S.A: T1P1
5 Global CDMA II FDD South Korea: TTA
6 TD-SCDMA TDD China: CATT
7 cdma2000 FDD, TDD U.S.A: TIA
8 Global CDMA I FDD South Korea: TTA
9 UWC-136 FDD U.S.A: TIA
10 EP-DECT TDD Europe: ETSI DECT plan
13
Technical Specification of Wireless Interface
IMT2000
 IMT2000--Global Roam
Wireless interface
IMT-2000 CDMA DS WCDMA
IMT-2000 CDMA MC CDMA 2000
IMT-2000 CDMA TDD TD-SCDMA / UTRA TDD
IMT-2000 TDMA SC UWC136
IMT-2000 TDMA FT DECT

14
Comparison among 3G Modes
WCDMA TD-SCDMA CDMA2000
Channel 5M*2 1.6M 1.25M*2
Bandwidth
Chip Rate 3.84Mc/s 1.28Mc/s 1.228Mc/s
Duplex Mode FDD TDD FDD
Frame Length 10ms 10ms (Sub-frame 20ms
5ms)
Channel Coding Convolution Convolution Convolution Code,
Code, Turbo Code, Turbo Turbo Code
Code Code
Modulation QPSK/BPSK QPSK/8PSK Uplink: QPSK,
Downlink: BPSK
Power Control Open loop + fast Open loop + Open loop + fast closed
closed loop closed loop loop
Power Control 1500 times/s 200 times/s 800 times/s

Rate
Synchronization Synchronous/Asy Synchronous Synchronous
Mode of Base nchronous
Station
15
3G Frequency Band Distribution
NULL TDD FDD-U SAT TDD NULL FDD-D
ITU 20 20 60 30 15 85 60
DECT TDD FDD-U MBB TDD NULL FDD-D

Europe/
Japan 20 20 60 30 15 85 60
FDD-U FDD-D TDD TDD FDD-U SAT TDD NULL FDD-D TDD
China 30 30 20 20 60 30 15 85 60 100
1755 1785 1850 1880 1900 1920 1980 2010 2025 2100 2170 2300
2400
16
Standardization Organization of 3G
ITU-R MSF
MWIF
GSA WP8F ITU-T
ETSI GSMA SSG TTA
ARIB IPv6
UWCC TIA
MPEG
WAP- Forum
TTC 3GPP Forum
3G.IP
3GPP2
CWTS
TIPHON
TTA Parlay TTC
CWTS T1P1 IETF ARIB
LIF
W3C
3GCF
17
Standardization of WCDMA--3GPP
18
Standardization of WCDMA--3GPP
3GPP Release 5
(ALL IP)
ETSI TC SMG
3GPP Release 4
T1P1
ARIB 3GPP Release 3 business

2001 & 2002
TTC (Release 1999)
TTA
CWTS
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
1998 1999 2000 2001
19
Contents
 2G/3G Overview
 R4/R5 Evolution
20
WCDMA R99 System Structure
PSTN
CS PS 3G
GMSC
MSC
GGS
N
CN
H
HLR
MSC
SGSN
Gb Iu-CS Iu-PS
A
GSM Access WCDMAUTR

AN
21
MSC Function
Call  Call Process 、 Number Translate 、 Route Select

Process  EC 、 AMR Voice Process
Security  Authentication 、 Ciphering 、 Integrity Protect

 TMSI Reallocation
Security
VLR  Subscriber Data Management
 Location Update 、 MSRN/HON Allocation
MM  Location Update 、 Hand Over 、 Roaming

 Register
CDR  CDR Collect

 Saving 、 Format 、 Relay
22
HLR/AuC Function
Subscriber CAMEL Authentication MM

Data Subscription
CAMEL Subscriber Location

Basic
O_CSI Authentication Update
Service
T_CSI Data Route
Location
SS_CSI Update
Hand
Over
23
R99 CN CS Signal Interface
SMC SCP HLR
MAP CAP MAP
MSC NO.7 MSC

TUP/ISUP
RANAP RANAP
RNS RNS
24
R99 CN CS Media Interface
TDM PSTN
RNS MSC GMS

C
AMR G.711 G.711
 MSC need Transcoder between AMR and G.711
25
PS Network
Node B MSC GMSC
TDM/
RNC ATM PSTN
HLR
Iu-PS  Gateway GPRS
BTS Support Node
BSC SGSN GGS
Gb N
IP Internet
Gn Gn Gi
Ga Gp
 Serving GPRS Inter-PLMN
CG
Support Node
 Charging Gateway
Billing Center
26
SGSN Function
RR  GPRS Paging, Combined Gs Paging

Manage  RNC Radio Resource Management
Route
 PDP PDU Transfer
Manage
Data  Save, Modify, Delete Subscriber Data

Manage  Insert Subscriber Data/Cancel Location
 Attach Detach, Location Management

MM  Service Request
 CDR Collect
CDR  Saving, Format, Relay
27
GGSN Function
 Routing Select, PDP PDU Transfer, Address Mapping

 Tunnel Capsulate and Transfer
 Subscriber Data Management
 Session Management
 IP Address Management
 Charging Information Select
 Access: Transparent/intransparent Mode Internet Access
28
CG Function
GPRS Bore
SGSN/GGSN SGSN/GGSN
TCP/UDP
GTP'
FTAM/FTP FTAM/FTP
BS
CG
TCP/IP
CG OMM Server CG OMM Client CG OMM Client

29
CG Function
 CG implements the following functions:

 CDRs generated by GSNs collected in real time;
 Buffering the CDRs
 Preprocessing the CDRs, such as CDR consolidation and filtering, deleting
certain CDR fields, and modifying or adding some CDR fields.
 Transferring the CDRs to the BS.
30
CG CDRs
S-CDR S-SMO-CDR S-SMT-CDR M-CDR G-CDR
SGSN GGSN
Backbone
Network
31
R99 CN PS Signal Interface
MSC
SMC HLR
MAP MAP
NO.7
RANAP
GTP-C GGS
RNS SGSN GPRS N
backbone
32
R99 Analyze
 Compatibility of productions now in use (GSM)
Advantages  R99 System is divided to CS and PS domains

 Guarantee of the QoS of RT services
 Many experiences on mature technique TDM
 R99 does not accord with NGN

Problems
 Inconvenient to upgrade to R4,R5
33
Contents
 2G/3G Overview
 R4/R5 Evolution
34
PSTN/IS
DN 2G NET R-SGW
T-SGW
CS
UMTS
PS
GMSC CN
GGSN
Server
GMGW H
HLR
MSC
Server SGSN
MGW
A Iu-CS
Gb Iu-PS
GSM Access WCDMA UTRAN
35
Layered Core network architecture

Control is separated from media transport & transcoding
Application Service Capability Application
Servers
Service plane
SGSN SCP
Traditional SCS HLR
AUC EIR
MSC
BICC GMSC
MSC
server
server
H.248
H.248
Control Plane ISDN/PSTN
Transport Network
UTRAN Media STM / ATM / IP Media
BTS Gateway Gateway
RNC
BTS Internet
GGSN
Intranets
Control signaling User Data Plane
User data (media)
36
WCDMA R4 Characters
 The evolution to all-IP step by step in WCDMA network

 The main difference happens in CS Domain; in PS, it is all the
same
 The separation of control and Bearer: MSC to MGW&MSC Server
 IP transfer of Signal: SG was introduced
 R4 new interface ：
 Mc ： MSC Server ～ MGW ， H.248 protocol
 Nb ： MGW ～ MGW
 ATM Bearer ， AAL2
 IP Bearer ， RTP
 Nc ： MSC Server ～ MSC Server ， BICC protocol
37
MSC SERVER Function
NO.7
 Call Control Function
SGW  Signal Interface and Process
GMSC
 VLR Function
MSC
Server Server
 Bear Control: 3G expanded H.248
Nc  Call Control signal: BICC
Mc Mc  MGW Management( Register,
Nb R99/GSM status maintain)
UTRAN / PSTN
MGW MGW
38
GMSC SERVER Function
NO.7
SGW
MSC GMSC
Server Server  GMSC Signal process
Nc  Send Routing Information
Mc Mc  GMGW Control: H248
Nb R99/GSM
UTRAN / PSTN  BICC and ISUP Inter working
MGW MGW
39
MGW Function
 Media Bearer establish,

release
NO.7
 receive control from MGC:
H248
SGW  Media convert
 Media resource
MSC GMSC (Tone/TC/DTMF/Conference)
Server Server  Multi-Bearer (AAL2/ATM,
Nc
TDM ， RTP/UDP/IP)
Mc Mc
Nb R99/GSM
UTRAN / PSTN
MGW MGW
40
SGW Function
NO.7
 Conversion of Signal
SGW and Protocol (SIGTRAN
M3UA /SCTP/IP <=> SS7
MSC GMSC
Server Server MTP3/2/1)
 embedded SGW (SG
Nc
was embedded in the
Mc Mc MGW chassis or MSC
Nb R99/GSM
UTRAN / PSTN
Server chassis)
MGW MGW
41
R4 CN CS Signal
HLR SCP
SMC
MAP MAP CAP

MM&Service
Radio Access
Call Signal between
switch
RANAP MSC server MSC server
RNS BICC/TUP/ISUP
BSSAP
BSS
H.248 H.248 MG Control/

Bearer Control
MGW MGW
ALCAP/IPBCP
Bearer Control
42
R4 Analyze
 Thought of NGN
Advantages  Layer structure
 IP transfer: a flattened structure
 Brings high increase for operator
 Experience on operation
Challenges
 Qos on IP network
43
The Evolution from R4 to R5
R4 CN R5 CN in earlier R5 CN in later
stage stage
PSTN Internet PSTN Internet

Internet
IMS
MGCF
HLR CSCF IMS
HSS
IM-MGW MGCF CSCF
IM-MGW
GMSC
MGW
Server GGSN GMSC MGW HSS
Server GGSN GGSN
MSC MGW SGSN
Server MSC SGSN
MGW SGSN
Server
CS PS PS
CS PS
RNS RNS RNS
44
IMS CSCF
No.7
SGW
IMS-
MGW
PSTN
MGC
F
CS PS
GMSC
Server GGS
GMG N
W HSS
MSC
MGW Server SGSN
WCDMA UTRAN
45
CSCF （ Call State Control Function ） entity
 CSCF （ Call State Control Function ） entity

CSCF
Function
Logical
 ICGW(Incoming
ICGW(Incomingcall
callgateway)
gateway)
 CCF
CCF(Call
(CallControl
ControlFunction)
Function)
 SPD
SPD(Serving
(ServingProfile
ProfileDatabase)
Database)
 AH(Address
AH(AddressHanding)
Handing)
46
MGCF （ Media Gateway Control
Function ） entity
 MGCF （ Media Gateway Control Function ） entity
MGCF
Function
Logical
 SIP
SIPUA
UA
 Conversion
ConversionBetween
BetweenSIP
SIP&&BICC/ISUP
BICC/ISUP
 MGW
MGWControl
Control
47
SCP HLR SCP HLR
CAP Over MAP Over

CAP Over TDM MAP Over TDM TDM/IP TDM/IP
MSC TUP/ISUP/BICC MSC

Server TDM/ATM/IP Server
TUP/ISUP
H.248 Over H.248 Over
MSC MSC
TDM ATM/IP ATM/IP
TDM/ATM/IP
MGW MGW
RNS RNS RNS RNS RNS RNS
48
R4 CN R5 CN in earlier R5 CN in later
stage stage
PSTN Internet PSTN Internet

Internet
IMS
MGCF
HLR CSCF IMS
HSS
IM-MGW MGCF CSCF
IM-MGW
GMSC
MGW
Server GGSN GMSC MGW HSS
Server GGSN GGSN
MSC MGW SGSN
Server MSC SGSN
MGW SGSN
Server
CS PS PS
CS PS
RNS RNS RNS
49
The Evolution of CN
R99 MMSC
R4 OMC MMSC
R5 OMC
MMSC OMC
Billing Server Billing
Billing Server SCP SCP
SCP Server
GMLC HLR GMLC HSS
GMLC HLR
MSC GMSC MSC

server GMSC
server server server CSCF MGCF
GMSC MSC SGSN GGSN IMS
CS PS MGW MGW SGSN GGSN

MGW MGW SGSN GGSN
CS PS
CS PS
RNS RNS
BSS BSS RNS
BSS
CN based on GSM Control and bearer are IP are introduced

and GPRS MMS separated in CS to CS and RNS
WCDMA migrates towards ALL IP

50
Future Network
Service Layer H323 HLR DB AAA ISP
Control Layer IP Core Network
Bearer Layer MGW GGSN IPGW V-GW SGSN
PSTN/Internet
Wireless Access WCDMA
Accessing Layer
51
Trend of telecommunication network
What can
we find ?
Trend of telecommunication network!

Layer Separation (Bearer/Control/Service) with the
trend of NGN!
All-IP evolution according with the trend of NGN!
52
NGN- Evolution……
 Birth of NGN (Next Generation Network) – moral of the story:

 “ Packet Switching infrastructure is the best for multiple media of varying bit
rates”
53
From technology-driven to service-driven
 Tele.
Tele.Market
Marketisisapproaching
approachingfull-development,
full-development,traditional
traditionalservice
serviceisis
comingup
coming upto
tosaturation,
saturation,especially
especiallytone
toneservice
service
 Tele.
Tele.Technology
Technologyhas
hasbeen
beendeveloped
developedrapidly,
rapidly,access
accesssolution
solutionand
and
bandwidthno
bandwidth nolonger
longerbecome
becomethe
thebottleneck
bottleneckofofthe
theservice
service
 Huge
Hugeamount
amountof ofinvestment
investmentinin“Tele.
“Tele.bubble”
bubble”resulted
resultedininaalow
lowresource
resource
utilizationefficiency,
utilization efficiency, overall
overallnetwork
networkdevelopment
developmenthashasslow
slowdown
down
recently
recently
 Big-scale
Big-scalenetwork
networkdevelopment
developmentisisdecided
decidedby
byits
itsservice
serviceapplication
application
 Direction
Directionof offuture
futurenetwork
networkisisdecided
decidedby
byits
itsservice
serviceapplication
application––ITU
ITU––TT
‘s‘sdefinition
definitionfor
forNGN,
NGN,B3G’s
B3G’sdiscussion
discussionon
onservice
servicerequirements
requirements
 Old
Oldtele.
tele.Network,
Network,huge
hugeamount
amountof
ofunused
unusedresource
resourcerequire
requirenew
newservice
service
application
application
54
Network Evolution to NGN
Today: Several separate networks Tomorrow: One unified network (NGN)
Appl
OA&M
Server
Internet
Call Call Control
Control
Evolution
PSTN Core Packet Network
CATV Internet PLMN

PSTN
CATV
PLMN
Converged Voice , Data and Video

Services
55

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CS Principle Overview

speaking telegraph 10101010

First wireless transmission

1981 NMT 1982 AMPS

1000User 1000* n User

 High terminal and services costs

Channel: An individually-assigned, dedicated

Low Terminal and

Superior speech quality

Higher data rate

 Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!!

 1985 FPLMTS being put forward

 1996 Renamed by IMT-2000

 ITU-R received 10 terrestrial RTT techniques in 1998

2 ETSI-UTRA-UMTS FDD, TDD Europe: ETSI

3 WIMS W-CDMA FDD U.S.A: TIA

4 WCDMA/NA FDD U.S.A: T1P1

5 Global CDMA II FDD South Korea: TTA

6 TD-SCDMA TDD China: CATT

7 cdma2000 FDD, TDD U.S.A: TIA

8 Global CDMA I FDD South Korea: TTA

9 UWC-136 FDD U.S.A: TIA

10 EP-DECT TDD Europe: ETSI DECT plan

IMT-2000 CDMA MC CDMA 2000

IMT-2000 CDMA TDD TD-SCDMA / UTRA TDD

IMT-2000 TDMA SC UWC136

IMT-2000 TDMA FT DECT

Power Control 1500 times/s 200 times/s 800 times/s

NULL TDD FDD-U SAT TDD NULL FDD-D

DECT TDD FDD-U MBB TDD NULL FDD-D

ARIB 3GPP Release 3 business

GSM Access WCDMAUTR

Call  Call Process 、 Number Translate 、 Route Select

Security  Authentication 、 Ciphering 、 Integrity Protect

MM  Location Update 、 Hand Over 、 Roaming

CDR  CDR Collect

Subscriber CAMEL Authentication MM

CAMEL Subscriber Location

SMC SCP HLR

MAP CAP MAP

MSC NO.7 MSC

RNS MSC GMS

AMR G.711 G.711

 MSC need Transcoder between AMR and G.711

RR  GPRS Paging, Combined Gs Paging

Data  Save, Modify, Delete Subscriber Data

 Attach Detach, Location Management

 Routing Select, PDP PDU Transfer, Address Mapping

CG OMM Server CG OMM Client CG OMM Client

 CG implements the following functions:

S-CDR S-SMO-CDR S-SMT-CDR M-CDR G-CDR

 Compatibility of productions now in use (GSM)

Advantages  R99 System is divided to CS and PS domains

 R99 does not accord with NGN

GSM Access WCDMA UTRAN

Layered Core network architecture

 The evolution to all-IP step by step in WCDMA network

SGW  Signal Interface and Process

 Media Bearer establish,

MAP MAP CAP

H.248 H.248 MG Control/

PSTN Internet PSTN Internet

RNS RNS RNS