GENETICS

study of heredity

Gregor Mendel
HEREDITY
biological process whereby a
parent passes certain genes
onto their children or offspring.
 ALLELE
Responsible for observed trait
Homozygous Heterozygous
Genotype Phenotype
Mendel’s law
Rule of Unit Factors in Pairs

Principle of Dominance & Recessiveness

Law of Segregation

Law of Independent Assortment

1. In cabbage butterflies, White wings are dominant to
yellow wings. If a Ww butterfly is crossed with a ww
butterfly, what are the possible genotypes and
phenotypes of the offspring and the percent chance for
each?
 W w
w Ww ww
w
Ww ww
Genotype: 2:2
2-Ww (50%)
2- ww (50%)
Phenotypic Ratio: 2:2
2 Heterozygous white wings
2: Homozygous yellow wings
 S S KEY:
S-straight hair
s Ss Ss S- curly hair
S SS SS
 S S Genotypic
Ratio:
s Ss Ss 2: 2
S SS SS 2- SS(50%)
2- Ss(50%)
Phenotypic Ratio: 2: 2

2- Homozygous Dominant Straight Hair

2- Heterozygous Straight Hair
2. In dogs, there is a hereditary type of deafness caused
by a recessive gene. Two dogs who carry the 11.2 gene
for deafness but have normal hearing are mated. What
are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their
offspring and the percent chance for each?
 D d
D DD Dd
d Dd dd
Genotypic Ratio: 1:2:1
1-DD (25%)
2- Dd (50%)
1- dd (25%)

Phenotypic Ratio: 1:2:1

1: Homozygous dominant deaf
2 Heterozygous deaf
1: Homozygous recessive deaf
 Key
AA- Green AaBb x AaBb
BB-Smooth
Aa-Yellow
Bb-Rough
Genotypic Ratio: 1:1:2:5:1:2:1:1:2
1-AABB
1-AABb
2- AaBB
5-AaBb
1-AAbb
2-Aabb
1-aaBB
1-aabb
2-aaBb
Phenotypic Ratio: 1:1:2:5:1:2:1:1:2
1-AABB- Smooth Green
1-AABb- Rough Green
2- AaBB- Smooth Yellow
5-AaBb- Rough Yellow
1-Aabb-Green
2-Aabb- Yellow
1-aaBB-Smooth
1-aabb-Homo Recessive
2-aaBb- Rough
 Try It!
1. A homozygous dominant brown mouse (B) is
crossed with a heterozygous brown mouse (tan is the
recessive trait).

2. Two heterozygous white rabbits (W) are crossed.

(brown fur is recessive)

3. A heterozygous red flower (R), tall in height (H)

crossed with white flower (r) whose height is
heterozygous tall.
 Try It!
Key
Mother: Heteroblack hair and fine hair
B- black hair
Father: white hair and heterocoarse hair
b-white hair
Bbcc x bbCc
C-coarse hair
c-fine hair