The Basic Ideas

of Sets
SET
- is a well-defined collection of
items/objects.
- “Well-defined” means that we
can decide whether the object
does or does not belong to the set.
ELEMENT
- each item or a member of the
set.
Example:
Set:
{1,2, 3, 4, 5}
Elements:
{1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5}
A set is usually named with a capital
letter and maybe defined in three
ways:
a. Roster or listing method
-This is done by listing the elements of
a set.
For example a set of ball games may
be written as
A = { basketball, volley ball,
baseball, soccer, football}
b. Description notation or Rule
Method
This is done by writing the elements
of a set with the use of a descriptor.
For example,
B = {x| x is scenic spot in the
Philippines}. This is read as “the set
B contains the element x such that x
is a scenic spot in the Philippines.”
The elements are separated by
commas and enclosed in braces. If
the number of elements of a set is
large, we can write only enough
elements to establish a pattern.
S={0,2,4,6,…,18}
EMPTY SET or NULL SET
-is always a subset of any set. {}
CARDINALITY SET
-is the number of elements of the set.

Example:
Set X has 5 elements; |X|= 5
Set Y has no element; |Y|= 0
INFINITE SET
-is a well- defined collection of
items/objects (elements cannot
be counted or listed) as the set
of whole numbers or the set of
real numbers. Example: {0, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, . . . .}
FINITE SET
-are elements that can be
counted or listed.
Example:
set of vowels= {a, e, i, o, u}
UNION SET
A union B , written as (AUB), is the set
consisting of all elements that are found
in A or in B or in both.

Example:
A= {1, 2, 3, 4} and B= {5, 6, 7, 8}
AUB = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
INTERSECTION SET
The intersection of A and B, written
as A∩B, is the set consisting of all
elements that are found in both sets A
and B.

Example:
Find A∩B.
A= {1, 2, 4, 5} and B= {1, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A∩B = {1, 5}
VENN DIAGRAM
- invented by John Venn, an
English mathematician
- are used to show relationship
between sets. Venn drew a
rectangular region to represent
the universal set U.
VENN DIAGRAM
DIFFERENCE OF TWO SETS
The difference of sets A and B (A-B)
is the set whose elements belong to
set A which do not belong to set B.
Example:
Find A-B.
Set A= {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}
Set B = {11, 12, 13, 16, 17}
(A-B) = {14, 15}
THANK YOU