Division of Science and Technology, Lahore.

Course title: Numerical Analysis-1

Presentation Topic: Lagrange Interpolation formula

Submitted By: 1.Muhammad ikram (mcf 1900401)

2.Muhammad israr (mcf 1800331)

3.Imtiaz Hussain (mcf 1900226)

4.Tuba sultan (mcf 1900097)

5.Afsah zafar (mcf 1900265)

6.Usama ali gohar (mcf 1900350)

Program: Msc 3rd semester (morning)

Contents:

• Lagrange’s interpolation formula

• Derivation
• Example
• Inverse Lagrange’s interpolation formula
• Example
• Advantages
• Dis-Advantages
Lagrange’s Interpolation Formula :

 
• Let be continuous and differentiable in the interval (a,b).

• Given the set of +1 values of and , where the values of

need not necessarily be equally spaced.

• It is required to find , a polynomial of degree such that and

agree at the tabulated points.
 This polynomial is given by the following formula:

This is called the Lagrange’s Interpolation formula.

Derivation:
 
Let be a function which takes the values
corresponding to

Now can be represented as a polynomial of nth

degree to .
…(…(…(

…( __________ (A)
 putting x=x0 and y=y0 in equation (A)
we get

therefore,

again putting and in equation (A)

we get

Proceeding on the same lines,

We get
 
substituting the values of in equation (A)
we get
 
Example:
using Lagrange’s interpolation formula find y(10) from
the following table:

5 6 9 11

12 13 14 16

 
Solution:
Here, ,,,,
,,,
 
By lagrange’s interpolation formula,i.e.
 
 
Putting in the above equation we get

 
Hence, the value of is when is 10.
 
Inverse Lagrange’s Interpolation Formula:
Given the set of values of and ,we required to find the value of
corresponding to the value of .

For this purpose, Inverse Lagrange’s Interpolation will be very

useful.we interchange and Lagrange’s Interpolation Formula
,i.e.,take as independent variable and as dependent
veriable.hence,we obtain

 
+……… …
 

Example:
 
+¿ ¿
The following table gives the values of x and y:
30 35 40 45 50

15.9 14.9 14.1 13.3 12.5

Find the value of x corresponding to y=13.6.

Solution:
Here, =15.9,=14.9,=14.1,=13.3,=12.5, =30,=35,=40,=45,=50.

 
By using inverse Lagrange’s Interpolation Formula,i.e,
  
  +…………

Taking , we get
 
Advantages:

 
• The formula is simple and easy to remember.
• This formula can be used irrespective of whether the
values are equally spaced or not.
• There is no need to construct the divided difference
table.
Dis-advantages:

• There is always a chance to committing some error.

• The calculation provide no check whether the
functional values used to taken correctly or not.