Ch.

12 - Gases

II. The Gas

Laws
BOYLES
CHARLES
GAY-LUSSAC
A. Boyle’s Law
Volume Pressure P·V
(mL) (torr) (mL·torr)
10.0 760.0 7.60 x 103
20.0 379.6 7.59 x 103
30.0 253.2 7.60 x 103
40.0 191.0 7.64 x 103

P
PV = k
V
A. Boyle’s Law

 The pressure and volume of a gas are

inversely related
• at constant mass & temp
• if one goes up the other goes down

P
P1V1 = P2 V2
V
Gas Law Problem BOYLE’S LAW
 A gas occupies 100.0 mL at 150.0 kPa.
Find its volume at 200.0 kPa.
GIVEN: P V WORK:
P1 = 150.0 kPa P1V1 = P2V2
V1 = 100.0 mL (150.0kPa)(100.0mL)=(200.0kPa)V2
P2 = 200.0 kPa
V2 = ? V2 = 75.0 mL
B. Charles’ Law
Volume Temperature V/T
(mL) (K) (mL/K)
40.0 273.2 0.146
44.0 298.2 0.148
47.7 323.2 0.148
51.3 348.2 0.147

V
V
k
T
T
B. Charles’ Law
 The volume and absolute temperature
(K) of a gas are directly related
• at constant mass & pressure
• Both go up or both go down

V1 V2
V 
T1 T 2
T
Temperature
 Always use absolute temperature
(Kelvin) when working with gases.
ºF
-459 32 212
ºC
-273 0 100
K
0 273 373

C  F  32
5
9 K = ºC + 273
Gas Law Problem CHARLES’ LAW
 A gas occupies 473 cm3 at 36°C.
Find its volume at 94°C.
GIVEN: T V WORK:
V1 = 473 cm3 V1 V2
 or V1T2 = V2T1
T1 = 36°C = 309 K T1 T 2

V2 = ? (473 cm3)(367 K)=V2(309 K)

T2 = 94°C = 367 K V2 = 562 cm3
C. Gay-Lussac’s Law
Temperature Pressure P/T
(K) (torr) (torr/K)
248 691.6 2.79
273 760.0 2.78
298 828.4 2.78
373 1,041.2 2.79

P
P
k
T
T
C. Gay-Lussac’s Law
 The pressure and absolute
temperature (K) of a gas are
directly related
• at constant mass & volume
• Both up or both down

P P1 P2

T
T1 T2
Gas Law Problem GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW

 A gas’ pressure is 765 torr at 23°C.

At what temperature will the pressure be
560.0 torr?
GIVEN: P T WORK:
P1 = 765 torr P1 P2 or P1T2=P2T1

T1 = 23°C = 296K T1 T2
P2 = 560.0 torr (765 torr)T2 = (560.0 torr)(296K)
T2 = ? T2 = 216.7 K = -56°C
D. Combined Gas Law

P
V
PV
PV = k
T
P1V1 P2V2
=
T1 T2
P1V1T2 = P2V2T1
Standard Temperature & Pressure

STP
Standard Temperature & Pressure
0°C 273 K
-OR-
1 atm 101.32 kPa
 Gas Law Problem COMBINED GAS LAW
 A gas occupies 7.84 cm3 at 71.8 kPa & 25°C. Find its
volume at Standard Temperature & Pressure.

GIVEN: P T V WORK:
P1 = 71.8 kPa P1V1T2 = P2V2T1
V1 = 7.84 cm3
(71.8 kPa)(7.84 cm3)(273 K)
T1 = 25°C = 298 K =(101.325 kPa) V2 (298 K)
P2 = 101.32 kPa
V2 = ? V2 = 5.09 cm3
T = 273 K
Ch. 10 & 11 - Gases

III. Ideal Gas Law

A. Avogadro’s Principle
Volume Mass V/n
Gas Moles, n
(mL) (g) (L/mol)
O2 100.0 0.122 3.81  10-3 26.2
N2 100.0 0.110 3.93  10-3 25.5
CO2 100.0 0.176 4.00  10-3 25.0

V
V
k
n
n
A. Avogadro’s Principle
 Equal volumes of gases contain equal
numbers of moles
• at constant temp & pressure
• true for any gas

V
V
k
n
n
B. Ideal Gas Law

V
PV
k
=R
n
nT
T
UNIVERSAL GAS
CONSTANT
R=0.0821 Latm/molK
R=8.315 dm kPa/molK
3
B. Ideal Gas Law

PV=nRT
UNIVERSAL GAS
CONSTANT
R=0.0821 Latm/molK
R=8.315 cm kPa/molK
3
Ideal Gas Law Variables
Symbol Variable Unit

P Pressure atm or kPa

V Volume L or cm3

n Amount of Gas mol

R Universal Gas Constant Latm/molK or cm3kPa/molK

T Temperature K

ALL temperatures for this unit MUST be in Kelvin!!!

No Exceptions!
 B. Gas Law Problem IDEAL GAS LAW
 Calculate the pressure in atmospheres of 0.412 mol
of Helium at 16°C & occupying 3.25 L.
GIVEN: WORK:
P = ? atm PV = nRT
V = 3.25 L P(3.25)=(0.412)(0.0821)(289)
n = 0.412 mol L mol Latm/molK K
R = 0.0821 Latm/molK P = 3.01 atm
T = 16°C = 289 K
B. Gas Law Problem IDEAL GAS LAW
 Find the volume of 85 g of O2 at 25°C and 1.03 atm.
GIVEN: WORK:
P = 1.03 atm 85 g 1 mol = 2.7 mol
V=? 32.00 g
n = 85 g = 2.7 mol PV = nRT
R = 0.0821 Latm/molK (1.03)V=(2.7) (0.0821) (298)
atm mol Latm/molK K
T = 25°C = 298 K

V = 64 L