Dept.

of Electrical & Computer Engineering

North South University

Lecture – 1
Introduction to Power Systems

Dr. Hafiz Abdur Rahman, P.Eng. SMIEEE

Professor
Electrical and Computer Engineering
North South University, Bangladesh

July 5, 2020

1
Energy sources in Bangladesh (2017)

 More than 60% of our total

energy is consumed in the form
of gas, a percentage that is
gradually decreasing.
 Fossil fuel is a significant
percentage of electric energy.
 In 2017 we have less than 2%
from renewable sources.
However it is increasing over
time, but still small.

2
Power Transmission Problem
 Typical home power = 5 KW
 I = 5000 / 220 = 22.72 A
 For a city of 106 homes
Total power = 5 x 109 watt
 I = (5 x 109) / 220 = 22.72 MA
 Conductor size will be huge
 Trick is to increase the voltage to
lower the current
 I = 5000 MW / 106 V = 5000 A
(10 cm diameter conductor)
 A typical line carry 500 to 1000 A

3
Types of Power Transmission Systems
 According to conductor position
 Overhead transmission
 Underground transmission (10 times more expensive)

 According to transmission voltage

 DC System  Two-phase AC System
 DC two-wire  Two-phase four-wire
 DC two-wire with mid-point  Two-phase three wire
earthed
 Three-phase AC System
 DC three-wire
 Three-phase three-
 Single-phase AC System
 Single-phase two-wire wire (Transmission)
 Three-phase four-
 Single-phase two-wire mid-
wire (Distribution)
point earthed
 Single-phase three-wire

4
Types of Power Transmission Systems (Cont.)

5
Components of Power System
 Power system consists of three parts:
 Generation
 Transmission
 Distribution

6
Components of Power System (Cont.)
 Power system consists of three parts:
 Generation
 Transmission
 Primary transmission
 Secondary transmission
 Distribution
 Primary distribution
 Secondary distribution
 Consumers

7
Brief History of Electric Power
 Early 1880’s – Edison introduced Pearl Street DC
system in Manhattan supplying 59 customers.
 1884 – Sprague produces practical DC motor.
 1885 – Invention of transformer (ZBD Hungary).
 Mid 1880’s – Westinghouse/Tesla introduce rival
AC system.
 Late 1880’s – Tesla invents AC induction motor.
 1893 – First 3 phase transmission line operating
at 2.3 kV.

8
Brief History of Electric Power (Cont.)
 1896 – AC lines deliver electricity from hydro generation at
Niagara Falls to Buffalo, 20 miles away.
 Nikola Tesla's speech at the opening ceremony of the
hydroelectric power station, January 12, 1897.
 “We have many a monument of past ages; we have the
palaces and pyramids, the temples of the Greek and the
cathedrals of Christendom. In them is exemplified the power of
men, the greatness of nations, the love of art and religious
devotion. But the monument at Niagara has something of its
own, more in accord with our present thoughts and
tendencies. It is a monument worthy of our scientific age, a
true monument of enlightenment and of peace. It signifies the
subjugation of natural forces to the service of man, the
discontinuance of barbarous methods, the relieving of millions
from want and suffering.”

9
Brief History of Electric Power (Cont.)
 Interior of Edward Dean Adams power station at Niagara, with ten 5,000-horsepower
Tesla/Westinghouse AC generator.
 From https://www.teslasociety.com/exhibition.htm

10
History of Electric Power in Bangladesh
 Early 1900’s – Private utilities supply all customers in area
(city).
 First electricity switched on in 7 December 1901 in Ahsan
Monjeel, residence of the Nawab of Dhaka
 Later on Dhanmondi power house was set up and the journey of
commercial distribution started in 1930.
 Up to partition of the country and independence of India and
Pakistan in 1947, electricity generation and distribution was
authorized by some private companies in this region. Total power
generation capacity was then only 21 MW for East Pakistan; most
privileged Dhaka city used two 1500kW generators to supply
electricity.
 To improve the power supply situation, government of Pakistan
created Electricity Directorate in 1948 and issued an ordinance in
1959 to form WAPDA.

11
History of Electric Power in Bangladesh (Cont.)
 From 1960 to 1970 power generation increased from 88MW to
475MW, Dhaka-Chittagong 132kV transmission line network
 After independence of Bangladesh in 1972, the government
realized to boost up power sector and create BPDB. power
generation capacity 2818 MW; high voltage transmission line
network 132 kV 2469 km & 230 kV 419 km; highest voltage 230kV
capacity transmission line of the country East-west (Tongi-Ishurdi)
interconnector is switched on in December 1982.
 To segregate electric supply within Dhaka city from jurisdiction of
BPDB, DESA (Dhaka Electric Supply Authority) was created in
1992, but in latter DESA abolished and formed two company
DESCO (Dhaka Electric Supply Company) and DPDC (Dhaka
Power Distribution Company).

12
Present Power Generation in Bangladesh
 Generation voltage in Bangladesh
 Voltage: 11 kV, Frequency: 50 Hz

 Power generation companies

 Public sector
 Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB)
 Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd. (APSCL)
 Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh (EGCB)
 North West Power Generation Company Ltd. (NWPGCL)
 West Zone Power Distribution Company Ltd. (WZPDCL)

 Private sector
 Summit Power Ltd. (SPL)
 Rural Power Company Limited (RPCL)
 Energypac Engineering Ltd.
 Orion Group

13
Present Power Generation in Bangladesh (Cont.)
 Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) is a  statutory body created in
May 1, 1972, by presidential Order No. 59 after bifurcation of erstwhile
Bangladesh Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA).

 BPDB started its operation with Generation capacity of only 180 MW. In FY 2013,
Generation capacity (both public and private) has increased to about 8500 MW.

 As part of reform and restructuring a number of Generation and Distribution

companies have been created. The subsidiaries of BPDB are:
 Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd. (APSCL)
 Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh (EGCB)
 North West Power Generation Company Ltd. (NWPGCL)
 West Zone Power Distribution Company Ltd. (WZPDCL)

 BPDB is under the Power Division of the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral
Resources, Government of Bangladesh.

14
Present Power Transmission in Bangladesh
 Transmission voltage (national grid, inter-district connection)
 230 kV, 1500A and 750A
 132 kV, mostly 600A, some are 1500A

 Highest system (transmission) voltage

 230 kV (existing), 400 kV (proposed)
 400 kV (U/C) – from Baharampur, India to Veramara, Bangladesh

 Highest transmission voltage in other parts of the world

 India: 400 kV (existing), 800 kV (proposed), USA, Canada:765 kV
 China: 1000 kV, Japan:1000 kV, Ukraine: 1150 kV (highest in the world)

 Power transmission companies

 Power Grid Company Bangladesh Ltd. (PGCB) is responsible for
Operation, Maintenance and Development of the transmission system  of the
Country for distribution of generated electricity.

15
Present Power Distribution in Bangladesh
 Distribution voltage
 33 kV, 11 kV and 11/0.4 kV

 Power distribution companies

 Public sectors
 Outside Dhaka Metropolitan Area
 Urban area: Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB)
 Rural area: Rural Electrification Board (REB) through PBS

 Private sectors
 Greater Dhaka Area (Gazipur, Narayanganj, Manikganj, Munsiganj,
Narsingdi)
 Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA)
 Dhaka Metropolitan Area
 Dhaka Electric Supply Company (DESCO) Limited
 Outside DESA & DESCO Area
 West Zone Power Distribution Company (WZPDCO) Limited
 Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC) Limited

16
Power Infrastructure of Bangladesh

17
Bangladesh National Grid (pg # 1)

18
Bangladesh National Grid (pg # 2)

19
Any Question ?

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